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The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and Abroad

The civil rights movement, 1965–75

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 3

Overview

The Watts riots, Newark and Detroit, the Kerner Report's findings and recommendations, King's Chicago campaign and why it stalled, his assassination in Memphis and the Fair Housing Act, and the gains and limits by 1975.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What set off the rioting in the Watts district of Los Angeles in August 1965?

Key term

Which cities saw the worst rioting of 1967?

Key term

What did the Kerner Report recommend?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What set off the rioting in the Watts district of Los Angeles in August 1965?

    Model answer

    A routine arrest for drink-driving turned into a confrontation with police, and anger at poverty, unemployment and police behaviour turned it into six days of burning and looting.

  2. 2

    Which cities saw the worst rioting of 1967?

    Model answer

    Newark and Detroit, where dozens of people were killed; the National Guard was sent into Newark and federal troops into Detroit.

  3. 3

    What did the Kerner Report of 1968 conclude about the causes of the riots?

    Model answer

    That white racism was the root cause, and that the country was moving towards two societies, one Black and one white, separate and unequal.

  4. 4

    What did the Kerner Report recommend?

    Model answer

    Heavy federal spending on jobs, housing and schools in the ghettos, and the recruitment of far more Black police officers.

  5. 5

    Why did King take his campaign north to Chicago in 1966?

    Model answer

    To attack the slum housing, poor schools and job discrimination of the Northern ghettos, none of which had ever depended on segregation laws.

  6. 6

    Why was the Chicago campaign less successful than King’s Southern campaigns?

    Model answer

    There was no single law to overturn, white crowds attacked the marchers in the suburbs, and Mayor Richard Daley made promises he then ignored.

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