What was the state of the kingdom when John died in October 1216?

It was in civil war, with Louis and the rebel barons holding London, the south-east and much of the east, and royal authority reduced to the west and parts of the midlands.

What happened to John’s baggage train shortly before his death?

It was lost in the tidal marshes of the Wash while crossing, taking treasure and household goods with it.

How and where did John die, and where was he buried?

He died of dysentery at Newark in October 1216 and was buried in the cathedral at Worcester.

What had the fighting done to ordinary people by 1216?

Mercenary garrisons and both armies lived off the countryside, seizing crops and animals and burning villages, while trade was disrupted and the royal courts had largely stopped working.

How was the boy king crowned?

Hurriedly at Gloucester within days of his father’s death, with a plain gold circlet because the regalia were gone and Westminster lay in enemy hands, in a ceremony led by the papal legate.

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The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216

England in 1216

3 things to know
Paper 2 booklet B

Overview

The kingdom at John's death, the baggage train in the Wash, the war's effect on ordinary people, the boy king's coronation at Gloucester, William Marshal as Protector, the reissued charter, Lincoln and Sandwich.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Why did John’s death actually help the royalist cause?

Key term

What had the First Barons' War done to ordinary people by 1216?

Key term

Why was the succession in 1216 a serious problem?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What was the state of the kingdom when John died in October 1216?
Model answer
It was in civil war, with Louis and the rebel barons holding London, the south-east and much of the east, and royal authority reduced to the west and parts of the midlands.
2
What happened to John’s baggage train shortly before his death?
Model answer
It was lost in the tidal marshes of the Wash while crossing, taking treasure and household goods with it.
3
How and where did John die, and where was he buried?
Model answer
He died of dysentery at Newark in October 1216 and was buried in the cathedral at Worcester.
4
What had the fighting done to ordinary people by 1216?
Model answer
Mercenary garrisons and both armies lived off the countryside, seizing crops and animals and burning villages, while trade was disrupted and the royal courts had largely stopped working.
5
Why was the succession in 1216 a serious problem?
Model answer
The heir, Henry, was a boy of nine who could not lead an army or govern, while a rival with troops in the field already held the capital and had received the homage of many barons.
6
How was the boy king crowned?
Model answer
Hurriedly at Gloucester within days of his father’s death, with a plain gold circlet because the regalia were gone and Westminster lay in enemy hands, in a ceremony led by the papal legate.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

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Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.

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