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British America, 1713–83: Empire and Revolution

Problems within the colonies

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2 booklet P

Overview

The Stono Rebellion of 1739 and Spanish Florida's offer of freedom, the New York Conspiracy of 1741 and doubts about it, smuggling, weak customs collection, and the struggle to control the fur trade.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

How did the Stono Rebellion begin?

Key term

Where were the Stono rebels heading, and why?

Key term

Why had Spain promised freedom to runaways who reached Florida?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    When and where did the Stono Rebellion break out?

    Model answer

    In 1739, beside the Stono River in South Carolina.

  2. 2

    How did the Stono Rebellion begin?

    Model answer

    A group of enslaved men broke into a store for guns and powder, killed the keepers and marched off beating drums and calling others to join them.

  3. 3

    Where were the Stono rebels heading, and why?

    Model answer

    South towards Spanish Florida, because word had spread that runaways who reached it would be given their freedom.

  4. 4

    Why had Spain promised freedom to runaways who reached Florida?

    Model answer

    It drained labour from a rival empire and gave Spain settlers and soldiers to help defend St Augustine, so long as they became Catholic.

  5. 5

    How did the rebellion end and what followed it?

    Model answer

    The militia caught the rebels within a day and killed or executed them, and a harsher slave code the next year banned enslaved people from meeting, earning money or learning to write.

  6. 6

    What was the New York Conspiracy of 1741?

    Model answer

    An alleged plot by enslaved people and poor whites to burn the city and take it over, blamed for a run of fires that spring.

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