Why did Stalin insist on industrialising at such speed?

He said the country was fifty years behind the advanced nations and would be crushed unless it caught up, so it needed heavy industry to arm itself.

What was wrong with industry under the New Economic Policy?

Most growth had come from small private workshops and trade, heavy industry had barely regained its pre-war level, and there was far too little investment for modern factories.

The state planning agency that set production targets for every industry, region and factory and checked whether they had been met.

How did the later Five-Year Plans differ from the first?

The second turned also to transport, especially railways, and to some consumer goods, while the third was cut short as resources were switched to weapons.

What happened to managers who fell short of their targets?

They could be dismissed, put on trial as wreckers or sent to a labour camp, so many of them reported figures that were simply false.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

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Topic overview London at the outbreak of the Second World War The nature of attacks on London The impact of the Blitz on civilian life London’s response to the war Britain and the Second World War: the wider context Sources for a London Blitz enquiry

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Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41

Changes in industry, 1924–41

2 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Why Stalin wanted speed, industry under the New Economic Policy, Gosplan, the first Five-Year Plan and Magnitogorsk, the later plans, failing managers, Stakhanov and his movement, and the achievements and failures of industrialisation.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What was Gosplan?

Key term

What did the first Five-Year Plan concentrate on?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why did Stalin insist on industrialising at such speed?
Model answer
He said the country was fifty years behind the advanced nations and would be crushed unless it caught up, so it needed heavy industry to arm itself.
2
What was wrong with industry under the New Economic Policy?
Model answer
Most growth had come from small private workshops and trade, heavy industry had barely regained its pre-war level, and there was far too little investment for modern factories.
3
What was Gosplan?
Model answer
The state planning agency that set production targets for every industry, region and factory and checked whether they had been met.
4
What did the first Five-Year Plan concentrate on?
Model answer
Heavy industry — coal, iron, steel, oil and electricity — and the building of whole new industrial cities such as Magnitogorsk.
5
How did the later Five-Year Plans differ from the first?
Model answer
The second turned also to transport, especially railways, and to some consumer goods, while the third was cut short as resources were switched to weapons.
6
What happened to managers who fell short of their targets?
Model answer
They could be dismissed, put on trial as wreckers or sent to a labour camp, so many of them reported figures that were simply false.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

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Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

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£6.6 , fixed in 1921.

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.

CCompetition for work also bred resentment.

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