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Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555

Impact of Spain in the Americas

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2 booklet P

Overview

Cortés as Governor of New Spain, Mexico City, encomiendas, friars and crops, the end of Aztec religion, disease, working life, the fate of the ruling class, and Panama as the base for the Pacific.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What did Cortés build on the ruins of the Aztec capital?

Key term

What happened to Aztec religion after the conquest?

Numbers

What killed more Aztecs than the fighting did?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What position did Cortés hold in the conquered territory, and for how long?

    Model answer

    Charles V made him Governor and Captain-General of New Spain, and he held the post from 1523 until he was recalled in 1528.

  2. 2

    What did Cortés build on the ruins of the Aztec capital?

    Model answer

    Mexico City, laid out on the same island site, with a cathedral raised where the Great Temple had stood.

  3. 3

    How did Cortés reward the men who had fought for him?

    Model answer

    He handed out encomiendas, giving each of them the labour and tribute of a group of Indigenous villagers.

  4. 4

    What happened to Aztec religion after the conquest?

    Model answer

    The temples were pulled down and human sacrifice stopped, and friars baptised the people and required them to worship as Catholics.

  5. 5

    What killed more Aztecs than the fighting did?

    Model answer

    Disease: smallpox swept Tenochtitlan in 1520 and killed the emperor Cuitláhuac, and later epidemics of measles and other sicknesses carried off most of central Mexico's people.

  6. 6

    How did daily working life change for ordinary Aztecs?

    Model answer

    They now owed tribute and labour to Spanish encomenderos and to the mines, in place of the tribute they had once paid their own lords.

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