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Warfare and British Society, c1250–present

The experience of war, c1900–present

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Conscription in 1916 and the volunteering before it, national service, women in the forces in both world wars and today, the professional army, the Home Front, civil defence and evacuation, the bombing of civilians, nuclear fear, conscientious objectors in both wars, war reporting, and censorship and propaganda.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is conscription?

Numbers

When was conscription first introduced in Britain, and why?

Key term

How has the position of women in the armed forces changed most recently?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is conscription?

    Model answer

    Compulsory service in the armed forces, required by law rather than chosen by the individual.

  2. 2

    When was conscription first introduced in Britain, and why?

    Model answer

    In 1916, because volunteering could no longer replace the enormous losses on the Western Front.

  3. 3

    How had the army been enlarged before conscription was brought in?

    Model answer

    By a huge voluntary recruiting campaign, including pals battalions in which men from the same town or workplace joined together.

  4. 4

    What was national service?

    Model answer

    Peacetime conscription after the Second World War, under which young men served a fixed period in the forces before returning to civilian life.

  5. 5

    What work did women do for the army in the First World War?

    Model answer

    They served in uniform as cooks, clerks, drivers, telephonists and nurses, releasing men from those jobs for the fighting.

  6. 6

    What roles did women take in the Second World War forces?

    Model answer

    They worked as radar operators, anti-aircraft gun crews, mechanics, drivers and ferry pilots, though they were kept out of front-line fighting.

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£6.6 , fixed in 1921.
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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.
BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.
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