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Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39

The origins of the Republic, 1918–19

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 3

Overview

The Kiel mutiny, the Kaiser's abdication, Ebert, the armistice and the November Criminals, why the assembly met at Weimar, who could vote, proportional representation and its weakness, Article 48, and the Reichstag and Reichsrat.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What were the main features of the Weimar constitution of 1919, in its voters, its President and its two houses?

Key term

Which naval mutiny in the autumn of 1918 set off unrest across Germany?

Who and when

What did Kaiser Wilhelm II do on 9 November 1918?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which naval mutiny in the autumn of 1918 set off unrest across Germany?

    Model answer

    The mutiny of sailors at Kiel, who refused orders to put to sea against the British fleet.

  2. 2

    What did Kaiser Wilhelm II do on 9 November 1918?

    Model answer

    He gave up his throne and fled to the Netherlands, ending imperial rule in Germany.

  3. 3

    Who took charge of Germany as its first republican leader in November 1918?

    Model answer

    Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the Social Democratic Party.

  4. 4

    What was signed on 11 November 1918 and what did it do?

    Model answer

    The armistice, which stopped the fighting in the First World War.

  5. 5

    Why were the politicians who agreed to stop the fighting called the November Criminals?

    Model answer

    Because nationalists believed they had betrayed a country whose army was still unbeaten in the field.

  6. 6

    Why did the assembly that wrote the new constitution meet in the town of Weimar?

    Model answer

    Berlin was too violent and unstable in early 1919 for the deputies to meet there safely.

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£6.6 , fixed in 1921.
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