Key term
Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
Topic overviewAnglo-Saxon government, economy and societyThe last years of Edward the Confessor and the succession crisisThe rival claimants for the throneThe Norman invasion, 1060–66Establishing control, 1066–87Anglo-Saxon resistance, 1068–71The legacy of resistance to 1087Revolt of the Earls, 1075The feudal system and the ChurchNorman government, 1066–88The Norman aristocracy, 1066–88William I and the succession
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Topic overviewDevelopments in colonial societySlavery in North AmericaProblems within the coloniesThe impact of cultural developmentsWar in the coloniesThe aftermath of the French and Indian warAmerican colonist relations with Britain: growing opposition, 1765-75The War of Independence 1775-83Consequences of the war in America
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–presentNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500Case study: the Church, sanctuary and trial by ordealNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700Case studies: the Gunpowder Plot and Matthew HopkinsNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Pentonville prison and Robert PeelNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–presentThe nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–presentCase studies: conscientious objectors and Derek Bentley
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Topic overviewThe situation on Elizabeth’s accessionThe ‘settlement’ of religionChallenge to the religious settlementThe problem of Mary, Queen of ScotsPlots and revolts at homeRelations with Spain, 1569–88Outbreak of war with Spain, 1585–88The Armada, 1588Education and leisure, 1558–88The ‘problem’ of the poorExploration and voyages of discoveryAttempted colonisation of Virginia
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
Topic overviewHenry VIII, Renaissance PrinceThe rise of Wolsey and his policiesWolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulmentCromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34The king’s marriages, 1529–40Cromwell and government, 1534–40The fall of CromwellThe break with RomeOpposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40The dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Topic overviewThe Civil War, 1945–49Communist rule, 1945–59Consolidating the CCP’s hold on power, 1951–52The Hundred Flowers campaign, 1956–57Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57Industry and the Five-Year Plan, 1953–57The Great Leap ForwardEconomic reform, 1962–65Reasons for the Cultural RevolutionThe Red Guards and the Red TerrorThe effects of the Cultural RevolutionThe end of the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76Communist control, 1949–76Family life and the role of womenEducation and health, 1949–76Cultural change, 1949–76
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in medicine, c1250–presentIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1250–c1500Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1250–c1500Case study: the Black Death, 1348–49Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1500–c1700Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1500–c1700Case studies: William Harvey and the Great Plague of 1665Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1700–c1900Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Jenner’s vaccination and the 1854 cholera outbreakIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1900–presentApproaches to prevention and treatment, c1900–presentCase studies: penicillin and the fight against lung cancer
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in migration to Britain, c800–presentThe context for migration, c800–c1500The experience and impact of migrants, c800–c1500Case study: York under the VikingsThe context for migration, c1500–c1700The experience and impact of migrants, c1500–c1700Case studies: Flemish and Walloon migrants, and the HuguenotsThe context for migration, c1700–c1900The experience and impact of migrants, c1700–c1900Case studies: Liverpool, and Jewish migrants in the East EndThe context for migration, c1900–presentThe experience and impact of migrants, c1900–presentCase studies: Bristol, and Asian migrants in Leicester
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Topic overviewThe growth of opposition to the tsar in early 1917The February RevolutionThe Provisional GovernmentThe Bolshevik RevolutionEarly consolidation of power, 1917–18The Civil War, 1918–21Moves towards totalitarianism, 1917–24Economic and social change, 1918–24The struggle for power, 1924–28The use of terror in the 1930sPropaganda and censorship, 1924–41The Cult of StalinAgriculture and collectivisation, 1924–41Changes in industry, 1924–41Life in the Soviet UnionThe position of women and ethnic minorities
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
Topic overviewEarly tension between East and WestThe development of the Cold WarThe Cold War intensifiesIncreased tension between East and WestCold War crises, 1958–70Reaction to crisis, 1958–70Attempts to reduce superpower tensions in the 1970sThe end of détente and the ‘Second Cold War’The collapse of Soviet control of Eastern Europe, 1985-91
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
Topic overviewIndigenous peoples of the Plains: their beliefs and ways of lifeMigration and early settlementConflict and tension, c1835–c1862The development of settlement in the WestRanching and the cattle industryChanges in the ways of life of Indigenous peoples of the PlainsChanges in farming, the cattle industry and settlementConflict and tension, c1876–c1895Indigenous peoples of the Plains: the destruction of their ways of life
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
Topic overviewThe British sector of the Western Front and the trench systemConditions requiring medical treatment on the Western FrontMedical treatment on the Western FrontExperiments in surgery and medicine on the Western FrontMedicine in the early twentieth centurySources for a Western Front enquiry
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
Topic overviewThe feudal system, 1189–1216Kingship and succession, 1189–1216Royal government and financesEnglish society, 1189–1216The nature of crusadingRichard and the Third CrusadeAftermath of the crusadeRichard, John and the loss of NormandyThe dispute with the PapacyWorsening relations with the baronsMagna Carta and the First Barons’ WarEngland in 1216
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Topic overviewThe position of Black Americans in the early 1950sDevelopments in education, 1954–60The Montgomery Bus Boycott and its impact, 1955–60Opposition to the civil rights movementDevelopments, 1960–62Peaceful protests and their impact, 1963–65Malcolm X and Black Power, 1963–70The civil rights movement, 1965–75Reasons for US involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, 1954–63Escalation of the conflict under JohnsonThe nature of the conflict in Vietnam, 1964–68Changes under Nixon, 1969–73Opposition to the warSupport for the warThe peace process and end of the warReasons for the failure of the USA in Vietnam
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in warfare, c1250–presentThe nature of warfare, c1250–c1500The experience of war, c1250–c1500Case studies: the battles of Falkirk and AgincourtThe nature of warfare, c1500–c1700The experience of war, c1500–c1700Case study: the Battle of Naseby, 1645The nature of warfare, c1700–c1900The experience of war, c1700–c1900Case studies: the battles of Waterloo and BalaclavaThe nature of warfare, c1900–presentThe experience of war, c1900–presentCase studies: the Somme and the Iraq War
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Topic overviewThe origins of the Republic, 1918–19The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919–23The ‘Golden Years’: recovery of the Republic, 1924–29Changes in society, 1924–29Early development of the Nazi Party, 1920–22The Munich Putsch and the Nazi Party, 1923–28The growth in support for the Nazis, 1929–32How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932–33The creation of a dictatorship, 1933–34The police state, 1933–39Controlling and influencing attitudesOpposition, resistance and conformityNazi policies towards womenNazi policies towards the youngEmployment and living standardsThe persecution of minorities
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216
- 12 subtopics
- 33 things to know
- Paper 2 booklet B
- Paper 2, one British depth study of four
What The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216 covers
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216 is examined in Paper 2, Period study and British depth study. It covers the feudal system, 1189–1216, Kingship and succession, 1189–1216, royal government and finances, English society, 1189–1216, the nature of crusading, Richard and the Third Crusade, Aftermath of the crusade, Richard, John and the loss of Normandy, the dispute with the Papacy, Worsening relations with the barons, Magna Carta and the First Barons’ War and England in 1216.
Where it is assessed
Paper 2 booklet B
British depth study, 20% of the GCSE, one option of four.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 12 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The feudal system, 1189–1216The king at the top of the feudal hierarchy, tenants-in-chief, homage, knight service, labour service, forfeiture and why rebellion was dangerous, the parish priest, the tithe, and the power of bishops and abbots in royal government.Open →
- Kingship and succession, 1189–1216A medieval king's duties, rights and coronation rituals, Richard's claim in 1189, how he secured his position and his reputation, John's disputed claim in 1199 and how he secured the crown, the fate of Prince Arthur and its damage to John, and John's character as his nicknames, chroniclers and royal records portray it.Open →
- Royal government and financesThe justiciars who ruled for Richard, Longchamp's fall in 1191, Hubert Walter, government by writ and exchequer, John's personal rule and the resentment it caused, the royal demesne, the sheriff and the farm, feudal incidents and wardship, scutage and the tax of 1207.Open →
- English society, 1189–1216Open-field farming, villeins and peasant houses, borough charters, guilds, towns in the economy and their dangers, the legal position of Jews, moneylending and antisemitism, the killings of 1189–90 from Richard's coronation to York, and royal exploitation of Jewish wealth through tallages, the archae, the Exchequer of the Jews and John's tallage of 1210.Open →
- The nature of crusadingWhat a crusade was, the indulgence and protections of taking the cross, preaching and the Saladin tithe, resentment at home, who went east, how a knight paid, why men went and who travelled unarmed.Open →
- Richard and the Third CrusadeHattin and the fall of Jerusalem, the rulers who took the cross, Richard's motives, his quarrel with Philip II, Acre and the prisoners, Arsuf, the retreat from Jerusalem and the truce of 1192.Open →
- Aftermath of the crusadeWhy Richard left in 1192, his capture by Leopold of Austria, the grudge from Acre, Henry VI's ransom, how it was raised and what it cost England, John's plotting, and Richard's return and second coronation.Open →
- Richard, John and the loss of NormandyPhilip II's and Richard's aims, John's preference for treaties, the Isabella of Angoulême marriage and the forfeiture of 1202, Chateau Gaillard's site, cost and strength, its fall in 1204 and the loss of Normandy.Open →
- The dispute with the PapacyThe rival elections, Innocent III's choice of Stephen Langton, John's refusal, the seizure of Canterbury, the interdict of 1208 and its effect on daily life, his excommunication in 1209 and the settlement of 1213.Open →
- Worsening relations with the baronsJohn's need for money after 1204, his fines, William de Braose, hostages, scutage, the plot of 1212, Bouvines and Poitou in 1214 and why that failure was the turning point, the siege of Northampton, the rebels' move through Bedford and the decisive taking of London in May 1215.Open →
- Magna Carta and the First Barons’ WarRunnymede, why John agreed, what the barons wanted, the clauses on free men and on raising money, the promises, the security clause, the annulment and renewed fighting, the mining of Rochester and Prince Louis's arrival.Open →
- England in 1216The kingdom at John's death, the baggage train in the Wash, the war's effect on ordinary people, the boy king's coronation at Gloucester, William Marshal as Protector, the reissued charter, Lincoln and Sandwich.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
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How was John's way of ruling different from Richard's?
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Why did moneylending become a Jewish trade?
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How did Richard’s coronation set off violence in London in 1189?
Who and when
What did Richard do to the prisoners taken at Acre?
Numbers
What followed for Normandy after Château Gaillard was lost in 1204?
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What were the ‘fines’ that John charged?
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What was the security clause, and why did John find it intolerable?
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Why did John’s death actually help the royalist cause?
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What happened at a coronation to show that a king’s authority came from God?
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How was enthusiasm for the Third Crusade raised in England?
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Who seized Richard on his way home from the crusade, and when?
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How did Innocent III settle the rival elections to Canterbury?
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What happened in the ceremony of homage?
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Why did kings wear their crowns in public at the great feasts of the year?
Numbers
Who ruled England for Richard while he was overseas?
Numbers
What was the Saladin tithe?
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What disaster of 1187 led to the calling of a new crusade?
Who and when
What did Richard do on his return in 1194?
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Why did John refuse to accept Langton?
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Why did John need so much money after 1204?
Numbers
Why did fighting break out within months of Runnymede?
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What had the First Barons' War done to ordinary people by 1216?
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What was knight service?
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What kind of reputation did Richard have among his contemporaries?
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Why was Longchamp driven out in 1191?
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What was a villein?
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Who made up the English force that went on the Third Crusade?
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Which rulers of western Europe answered the call to the Third Crusade?
Who and when
What did John do to Canterbury when the quarrel with the Papacy began?
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Why was the failure of 1214 the turning point in John’s relations with his barons?
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How did John take Rochester castle in 1215?
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Why was the succession in 1216 a serious problem?
Take The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216 further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Knight service vs Scutage
Knight service: the duty to provide the king with armed knights for forty days a year. Scutage: a money payment made instead of the knights owed, used to hire soldiers.
Tithe vs Saladin tithe
Tithe: a tenth of a household's produce or income paid to the Church each year. Saladin tithe: the 1188 tax of a tenth on income and goods to pay for the crusade.
Justiciar vs Sheriff
Justiciar: the minister who governed England in the king's name while he was overseas. Sheriff: the royal officer who collected the king's revenues in a shire and accounted at the exchequer.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
Who stood at the top of the feudal hierarchy, and what did that mean for the land of England?
Model answer
The king, who was held to own all the land in the kingdom, so that everyone else held their land from him rather than owning it outright.
- 2
Who were the tenants-in-chief?
Model answer
The greatest barons, bishops and abbots, who held large estates directly from the king and granted parts of them out to knights beneath them.
- 3
What happened in the ceremony of homage?
Model answer
A man knelt bareheaded before his lord, placed his hands between the lord’s hands and swore to be his man, and in return was granted land.
- 4
What was knight service?
Model answer
The duty of a tenant-in-chief to provide the king with an agreed number of armed knights, normally for forty days of unpaid service each year.
- 5
What was labour service?
Model answer
The work an unfree peasant owed on his lord’s own fields, such as ploughing and harvesting, given instead of rent for the strips he farmed himself.
- 6
What was forfeiture, and when was it used?
Model answer
The taking back of a man’s lands by the lord who granted them, used when a tenant rebelled, betrayed his oath or was convicted of a serious crime.
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The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216 revision questions
- What does The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216 cover in Edexcel GCSE History?
- 12 subtopics: the feudal system, 1189–1216, kingship and succession, 1189–1216, royal government and finances, english society, 1189–1216, the nature of crusading, richard and the third crusade, aftermath of the crusade, richard, john and the loss of normandy, the dispute with the papacy, worsening relations with the barons, magna carta and the first barons’ war and england in 1216. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216 organised?
- By the Edexcel 1HI0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216, on a schedule.
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