What were the Jim Crow laws?

State and local laws in the Southern states that forced Black and white people to use separate facilities in almost every part of daily life.

What did the ‘separate but equal’ principle allow after the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of 1896?

It made separate facilities lawful so long as they were said to be of equal quality, although those provided for Black people were almost always far worse.

A fee that had to be paid before a person could vote, which many poor Black families in the South could not afford.

Apart from the law, what stopped Black Southerners from registering to vote?

Fear of losing their job, home or credit, and the risk of beatings or worse from white neighbours and the Ku Klux Klan.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

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Topic overview Henry VIII, Renaissance Prince The rise of Wolsey and his policies Wolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29 Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulment Cromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34 The king’s marriages, 1529–40 Cromwell and government, 1534–40 The fall of Cromwell The break with Rome Opposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40 The dissolution of the monasteries The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536

London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option

Topic overview London at the outbreak of the Second World War The nature of attacks on London The impact of the Blitz on civilian life London’s response to the war Britain and the Second World War: the wider context Sources for a London Blitz enquiry

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Topic overview The Civil War, 1945–49 Communist rule, 1945–59 Consolidating the CCP’s hold on power, 1951–52 The Hundred Flowers campaign, 1956–57 Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57 Industry and the Five-Year Plan, 1953–57 The Great Leap Forward Economic reform, 1962–65 Reasons for the Cultural Revolution The Red Guards and the Red Terror The effects of the Cultural Revolution The end of the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76 Communist control, 1949–76 Family life and the role of women Education and health, 1949–76 Cultural change, 1949–76

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Topic overview Factors driving change in medicine, c1250–present Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1250–c1500 Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1250–c1500 Case study: the Black Death, 1348–49 Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1500–c1700 Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1500–c1700 Case studies: William Harvey and the Great Plague of 1665 Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1700–c1900 Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1700–c1900 Case studies: Jenner’s vaccination and the 1854 cholera outbreak Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1900–present Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1900–present Case studies: penicillin and the fight against lung cancer

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Topic overview The local context of Notting Hill The influence of Caribbean cultures on the area Racism and policing Black activism in the Notting Hill area Migration, race relations and the national context Sources for a Notting Hill enquiry

Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth

Topic overview The growth of opposition to the tsar in early 1917 The February Revolution The Provisional Government The Bolshevik Revolution Early consolidation of power, 1917–18 The Civil War, 1918–21 Moves towards totalitarianism, 1917–24 Economic and social change, 1918–24 The struggle for power, 1924–28 The use of terror in the 1930s Propaganda and censorship, 1924–41 The Cult of Stalin Agriculture and collectivisation, 1924–41 Changes in industry, 1924–41 Life in the Soviet Union The position of women and ethnic minorities

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The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and Abroad

The position of Black Americans in the early 1950s

3 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

The Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson, segregation in daily life, literacy tests, poll taxes and fear as barriers to voting, the work most Black Southerners did, the NAACP and CORE and their methods, and the lawyer Thurgood Marshall.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

Name three everyday places in the South where Black Americans were kept apart from white Americans in the early 1950s.

Key term

What was a literacy test and how was it used against Black voters?

Key term

What was a poll tax?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What were the Jim Crow laws?
Model answer
State and local laws in the Southern states that forced Black and white people to use separate facilities in almost every part of daily life.
2
What did the ‘separate but equal’ principle allow after the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling of 1896?
Model answer
It made separate facilities lawful so long as they were said to be of equal quality, although those provided for Black people were almost always far worse.
3
Name three everyday places in the South where Black Americans were kept apart from white Americans in the early 1950s.
Model answer
Schools, buses and public facilities such as restaurants, waiting rooms and drinking fountains.
4
What was a literacy test and how was it used against Black voters?
Model answer
A reading and writing test taken before a person could register, marked so harshly by white officials that Black applicants failed while white applicants passed.
5
What was a poll tax?
Model answer
A fee that had to be paid before a person could vote, which many poor Black families in the South could not afford.
6
Apart from the law, what stopped Black Southerners from registering to vote?
Model answer
Fear of losing their job, home or credit, and the risk of beatings or worse from white neighbours and the Ku Klux Klan.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

British America, 1713–83: Empire and Revolution

Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

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