What was work like in the new factories?

Hours were long and discipline savage: lateness or absence could mean the sack or prison, and safety was sacrificed to meeting targets.

What did town workers gain in return for the hardship?

There was work for all, with free schooling and medical care, cheap canteens, sports and holiday clubs and a real chance of promotion.

What was daily life like on a collective farm?

Peasants worked to quotas for very little, lived in poor cottages without electricity, and relied on the vegetables and animals of their private plots.

Could country people move to the towns as they wished?

No: an internal passport was needed to live in a town and collective farmers were refused one, which tied them to the land.

How were food and goods distributed in the 1930s?

Bread and other basics were rationed for much of the decade and queuing was a normal part of life, with the best supplies going to those the state valued.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

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Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41

Life in the Soviet Union

2 things to know
Paper 3

Overview

Crowded town housing, harsh factory work and what workers gained, life on a collective farm, internal passports, rationing and queues, the groups who did best and those who suffered most, the gap between skilled and unskilled wages, and new chances for able young people from poor homes.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

What was housing like in the towns in the 1930s?

Key term

What was work like in Soviet factories in the 1930s?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What was housing like in the towns in the 1930s?
Model answer
Workers arrived far faster than flats could be built, so families lived in a single room and shared a kitchen and washroom with their neighbours.
2
What was work like in the new factories?
Model answer
Hours were long and discipline savage: lateness or absence could mean the sack or prison, and safety was sacrificed to meeting targets.
3
What did town workers gain in return for the hardship?
Model answer
There was work for all, with free schooling and medical care, cheap canteens, sports and holiday clubs and a real chance of promotion.
4
What was daily life like on a collective farm?
Model answer
Peasants worked to quotas for very little, lived in poor cottages without electricity, and relied on the vegetables and animals of their private plots.
5
Could country people move to the towns as they wished?
Model answer
No: an internal passport was needed to live in a town and collective farmers were refused one, which tied them to the land.
6
How were food and goods distributed in the 1930s?
Model answer
Bread and other basics were rationed for much of the decade and queuing was a normal part of life, with the best supplies going to those the state valued.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

British America, 1713–83: Empire and Revolution

Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.

CCompetition for work also bred resentment.

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