Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88
The Armada, 1588
- 3 things to know
- Paper 2 booklet B
Overview
Philip's invasion plan, Medina Sidonia, the crescent formation, the fireships at Calais, the flight around Scotland, English ship design and gunnery, the flaw in the plan, the weather and rotten supplies.
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
What formation did the Spanish adopt as they came up the Channel?
What happened to the Spanish fleet after the fighting off Gravelines?
Questions from this subtopic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What was Philip II’s plan for invading England in 1588?
Model answer
His fleet would sail up the Channel, join the Duke of Parma’s army in the Netherlands and ferry it across to Kent.
- 2
Who commanded the Spanish fleet, and why was that a weakness?
Model answer
The Duke of Medina Sidonia, appointed after the intended admiral died, was a capable organiser with no experience of commanding at sea.
- 3
What formation did the Spanish adopt as they came up the Channel?
Model answer
A tight crescent, with the fighting ships on the outside shielding the transports and supply vessels inside.
- 4
How did the English break that formation at Calais?
Model answer
They floated blazing fireships into the anchored fleet at night, so the Spanish cut their cables and scattered.
- 5
What happened to the Spanish fleet after the fighting off Gravelines?
Model answer
The wind drove it north, forcing it home around Scotland and Ireland, where storms wrecked many of its ships.
- 6
How did English ship design help win the campaign?
Model answer
English vessels sat lower, sailed faster and turned more easily, so they could fire and pull clear before the Spanish closed in.
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