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Medicine in Britain, c1250–present

Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1250–c1500

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Religious actions and the flagellants, bloodletting and purging, purifying the air against miasma, the regimen sanitatis, how treatments matched explanations, the training and methods of physicians, apothecaries and barber surgeons, Church-run hospitals and whom they turned away, care at home and herbal remedies.

What you need to know

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Key term

Who treated the sick in medieval England besides the physician, and what did hospitals offer and refuse?

Key term

Which idea about disease made people try to purify the air around them?

Key term

What was a regimen sanitatis?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Name three religious actions taken to prevent or cure illness in medieval England.

    Model answer

    Praying, going on pilgrimage to a saint’s shrine, and fasting or giving money to the Church as penance.

  2. 2

    Who were the flagellants and what did they do?

    Model answer

    People who whipped themselves in public to show God they were sorry for their sins and to beg him to lift the disease.

  3. 3

    What was bloodletting meant to achieve?

    Model answer

    Removing an excess humour, usually blood, so that the body’s fluids returned to balance.

  4. 4

    Give two ways blood was let from a patient.

    Model answer

    By cutting open a vein with a knife and catching the blood, or by placing leeches on the skin.

  5. 5

    What was purging and how was it done?

    Model answer

    Emptying the body of an excess humour by making the patient vomit or empty the bowels, using specially mixed drinks.

  6. 6

    Which idea about disease made people try to purify the air around them?

    Model answer

    Miasma theory, which blamed the foul smells of rotting matter for causing illness.

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