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Medicine in Britain, c1250–present

Case studies: Jenner’s vaccination and the 1854 cholera outbreak

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Jenner's milkmaids, the test on James Phipps, the word vaccination, opposition and Parliament's grant, then Snow's map of Broad Street, the pump handle, the leaking cesspit and why his conclusion was doubted.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Where does the word vaccination come from?

Key term

Why was Jenner’s work opposed at first?

Key term

Where in London was the cholera outbreak that Snow investigated in 1854?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What did Jenner notice about the milkmaids in his Gloucestershire practice?

    Model answer

    Those who had already caught cowpox did not go on to catch smallpox.

  2. 2

    How did Jenner test his idea in 1796?

    Model answer

    He gave cowpox to a boy, James Phipps, then deliberately exposed him to smallpox and found that he did not catch it.

  3. 3

    Where does the word vaccination come from?

    Model answer

    The Latin word for cow, because the protection came from cowpox.

  4. 4

    Why was Jenner’s work opposed at first?

    Model answer

    He could not explain why it worked, doctors were making money from the older method of inoculation, and some thought using matter from an animal was wrong.

  5. 5

    How did Parliament respond to Jenner’s discovery?

    Model answer

    It voted him a large sum of money in 1802, and a further grant afterwards, so that he could continue the work.

  6. 6

    Where in London was the cholera outbreak that Snow investigated in 1854?

    Model answer

    Broad Street, in Soho.

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