Why did Richard leave the Holy Land in October 1192?

Messages had reached him that Philip II and John were moving against his lands, and he judged that he had to defend his inheritance in person.

Why did Richard try to travel home overland through central Europe?

Philip had closed the French coast to him and his ships met bad weather, so after being wrecked in the Adriatic he set out in disguise across hostile territory.

Who seized Richard, and when?

Duke Leopold of Austria, whose men caught him near Vienna at Christmas 1192 while he was travelling disguised as a pilgrim.

Why did Leopold bear a grudge against Richard?

At Acre Richard had insulted him by having his banner pulled down and thrown aside, and had refused him a share of the spoils.

Into whose hands was Richard passed, and what was demanded for him?

He was handed to the Emperor Henry VI, who held him in Germany and demanded a ransom of 150,000 marks.

How large was the ransom compared with the crown’s ordinary income?

It was roughly three times everything the king normally received in a year, the largest sum ever demanded from England to that date.

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The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216

Aftermath of the crusade

2 things to know
Paper 2 booklet B

Overview

Why Richard left in 1192, his capture by Leopold of Austria, the grudge from Acre, Henry VI's ransom, how it was raised and what it cost England, John's plotting, and Richard's return and second coronation.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Numbers

Who seized Richard on his way home from the crusade, and when?

Who and when

What did Richard do on his return in 1194?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
Why did Richard leave the Holy Land in October 1192?
Model answer
Messages had reached him that Philip II and John were moving against his lands, and he judged that he had to defend his inheritance in person.
2
Why did Richard try to travel home overland through central Europe?
Model answer
Philip had closed the French coast to him and his ships met bad weather, so after being wrecked in the Adriatic he set out in disguise across hostile territory.
3
Who seized Richard, and when?
Model answer
Duke Leopold of Austria, whose men caught him near Vienna at Christmas 1192 while he was travelling disguised as a pilgrim.
4
Why did Leopold bear a grudge against Richard?
Model answer
At Acre Richard had insulted him by having his banner pulled down and thrown aside, and had refused him a share of the spoils.
5
Into whose hands was Richard passed, and what was demanded for him?
Model answer
He was handed to the Emperor Henry VI, who held him in Germany and demanded a ransom of 150,000 marks.
6
How large was the ransom compared with the crown’s ordinary income?
Model answer
It was roughly three times everything the king normally received in a year, the largest sum ever demanded from England to that date.

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Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

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