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British America, 1713–83: Empire and Revolution

The aftermath of the French and Indian war

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 2 booklet P

Overview

Britain's debt and the case for colonial taxes, the standing army, the Sugar Act and vice-admiralty courts, James Otis on representation, Pontiac's Rebellion and the Paxton Boys.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Why did the colonists feel less need of Britain after 1763?

Who and when

What did the Sugar Act of 1764 do?

Numbers

How did Pontiac's Rebellion end?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    How did the war change Britain's view of the colonies?

    Model answer

    Britain had run up an enormous debt defending them and believed the colonists should now pay a share of it and of the cost of the troops left behind.

  2. 2

    Why did the colonists feel less need of Britain after 1763?

    Model answer

    With French power driven out of Canada, the danger that had made British protection worth paying for had gone.

  3. 3

    Why did colonists object to British regiments staying in America in peacetime?

    Model answer

    A standing army looked like a means of controlling them rather than defending them, and they were expected to help house and supply it.

  4. 4

    What did the Sugar Act of 1764 do?

    Model answer

    It halved the duty on foreign molasses but enforced it seriously for the first time, and taxed other imports, in order to raise a revenue in America.

  5. 5

    Why did merchants object so strongly to the way the Sugar Act was enforced?

    Model answer

    Accused smugglers were tried before a judge in a vice-admiralty court instead of by a local jury, and had to prove their own innocence.

  6. 6

    What argument did colonial writers such as James Otis use against the new duties?

    Model answer

    That a parliament in which they elected nobody had no right to take their property, so the tax could only be granted by their own assemblies.

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