What was a Morrison shelter and who was it intended for?

A steel cage the size of a large table, introduced in 1941 for use indoors by families who had no garden for a dug-in shelter.

How did Londoners get onto the Tube platforms in spite of that ban?

They bought the cheapest ticket, went down as passengers and simply stayed, and by late September 1940 the authorities gave way and allowed it.

What was eventually provided for people sheltering on the platforms?

Bunks with a ticket system for places, chemical toilets, canteens serving food and drink, and first-aid posts.

Name a station where people sheltering below ground were nevertheless killed.

Balham, where about 66 died in October 1940 when a bomb burst the water main and sewer above the platforms, and Bank, where about 56 died in January 1941.

Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0

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Topic overview Henry VIII, Renaissance Prince The rise of Wolsey and his policies Wolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29 Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulment Cromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34 The king’s marriages, 1529–40 Cromwell and government, 1534–40 The fall of Cromwell The break with Rome Opposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40 The dissolution of the monasteries The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536

London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option

Topic overview London at the outbreak of the Second World War The nature of attacks on London The impact of the Blitz on civilian life London’s response to the war Britain and the Second World War: the wider context Sources for a London Blitz enquiry

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London and the Second World War, 1939–45

The impact of the Blitz on civilian life

3 things to know
Paper 1

Overview

Air-raid wardens, Morrison shelters, the ban on sheltering in the Tube and how Londoners broke it, facilities on the platforms, the deaths at Balham and Bank, Mickey Davies's shelter, the South Hallsville School and Bethnal Green disasters, leisure in wartime, the Café de Paris bombing, rest centres, disruption to working life and ministers' fears for morale.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

In what practical ways was ordinary working life upset by the Blitz raids?

Key term

What were the duties of an air-raid warden during a raid?

Key term

Why did the government at first refuse to let people shelter in Underground stations?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What were the duties of an air-raid warden during a raid?
Model answer
To enforce the blackout, guide people to shelter, report where bombs had fallen and help the rescue and first-aid parties find casualties.
2
What was a Morrison shelter and who was it intended for?
Model answer
A steel cage the size of a large table, introduced in 1941 for use indoors by families who had no garden for a dug-in shelter.
3
Why did the government at first refuse to let people shelter in Underground stations?
Model answer
Ministers feared a 'deep shelter mentality' in which people would stay below ground and refuse to go to work, and worried about sanitation and about blocking the trains.
4
How did Londoners get onto the Tube platforms in spite of that ban?
Model answer
They bought the cheapest ticket, went down as passengers and simply stayed, and by late September 1940 the authorities gave way and allowed it.
5
What was eventually provided for people sheltering on the platforms?
Model answer
Bunks with a ticket system for places, chemical toilets, canteens serving food and drink, and first-aid posts.
6
Name a station where people sheltering below ground were nevertheless killed.
Model answer
Balham, where about 66 died in October 1940 when a bomb burst the water main and sewer above the platforms, and Bank, where about 56 died in January 1941.

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Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88

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Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.

BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.

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