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Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present

The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–present

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

Neighbourhood Watch and Police Community Support Officers, specialist branches, fingerprints, DNA, cars, radios and computers, the shift towards prevention and CCTV, the end of hanging in 1965 and 1969 and why opinion turned, open prisons, young offenders and borstals, and punishments outside prison such as community orders and tagging.

What you need to know

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Key term

What do Police Community Support Officers do?

Key term

Give three examples of specialist branches within a modern police force.

Numbers

How did fingerprint evidence change detection?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    What is Neighbourhood Watch?

    Model answer

    A scheme begun in 1982 in which residents of a street keep an eye out for suspicious activity and report it to the police.

  2. 2

    What is Neighbourhood Watch intended to achieve?

    Model answer

    To put off offenders by making an area feel watched, and to give ordinary people a share in preventing crime again.

  3. 3

    What do Police Community Support Officers do?

    Model answer

    They patrol on foot and deal with low-level nuisance and antisocial behaviour, leaving warranted officers free for serious crime.

  4. 4

    Give three examples of specialist branches within a modern police force.

    Model answer

    Fraud squads, drugs squads, dog and firearms units, and teams dealing with terrorism or online crime.

  5. 5

    How did fingerprint evidence change detection?

    Model answer

    A national collection of prints, started in 1901, allowed marks left at a scene to be matched against a named suspect.

  6. 6

    How has DNA evidence changed criminal investigation?

    Model answer

    A national database, begun in 1995, lets a trace of blood, hair or saliva identify an offender and allows old cases to be reopened.

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AThe huge loss of life left England short of workers.
BForeign craftsmen and labourers were wanted.
CCompetition for work also bred resentment.

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