Key term
Edexcel GCSE History 1HI0
Anglo-Saxon and Norman England, c1060–88British depth
Topic overviewAnglo-Saxon government, economy and societyThe last years of Edward the Confessor and the succession crisisThe rival claimants for the throneThe Norman invasion, 1060–66Establishing control, 1066–87Anglo-Saxon resistance, 1068–71The legacy of resistance to 1087Revolt of the Earls, 1075The feudal system and the ChurchNorman government, 1066–88The Norman aristocracy, 1066–88William I and the succession
British America, 1713–83: Empire and RevolutionPeriod study
Topic overviewDevelopments in colonial societySlavery in North AmericaProblems within the coloniesThe impact of cultural developmentsWar in the coloniesThe aftermath of the French and Indian warAmerican colonist relations with Britain: growing opposition, 1765-75The War of Independence 1775-83Consequences of the war in America
Conflict in the Middle East, 1945–95Period study
Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–presentNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1000–c1500The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1000–c1500Case study: the Church, sanctuary and trial by ordealNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1500–c1700The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1500–c1700Case studies: the Gunpowder Plot and Matthew HopkinsNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1700–c1900The nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Pentonville prison and Robert PeelNature and changing definitions of criminal activity, c1900–presentThe nature of law enforcement and punishment, c1900–presentCase studies: conscientious objectors and Derek Bentley
Early Elizabethan England, 1558–88British depth
Topic overviewThe situation on Elizabeth’s accessionThe ‘settlement’ of religionChallenge to the religious settlementThe problem of Mary, Queen of ScotsPlots and revolts at homeRelations with Spain, 1569–88Outbreak of war with Spain, 1585–88The Armada, 1588Education and leisure, 1558–88The ‘problem’ of the poorExploration and voyages of discoveryAttempted colonisation of Virginia
Henry VIII and His Ministers, 1509–40British depth
Topic overviewHenry VIII, Renaissance PrinceThe rise of Wolsey and his policiesWolsey’s foreign policy, 1509–29Wolsey, Catherine, the succession and annulmentCromwell’s rise to power, 1529–34The king’s marriages, 1529–40Cromwell and government, 1534–40The fall of CromwellThe break with RomeOpposition to, and impact of, Reformation, 1534–40The dissolution of the monasteriesThe Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536
London and the Second World War, 1939–45Paper 1 option
Mao’s China, 1945–76Modern depth
Topic overviewThe Civil War, 1945–49Communist rule, 1945–59Consolidating the CCP’s hold on power, 1951–52The Hundred Flowers campaign, 1956–57Early changes in agriculture, 1949–57Industry and the Five-Year Plan, 1953–57The Great Leap ForwardEconomic reform, 1962–65Reasons for the Cultural RevolutionThe Red Guards and the Red TerrorThe effects of the Cultural RevolutionThe end of the Cultural Revolution, 1968–76Communist control, 1949–76Family life and the role of womenEducation and health, 1949–76Cultural change, 1949–76
Medicine in Britain, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in medicine, c1250–presentIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1250–c1500Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1250–c1500Case study: the Black Death, 1348–49Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1500–c1700Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1500–c1700Case studies: William Harvey and the Great Plague of 1665Ideas about the cause of disease and illness, c1700–c1900Approaches to prevention and treatment, c1700–c1900Case studies: Jenner’s vaccination and the 1854 cholera outbreakIdeas about the cause of disease and illness, c1900–presentApproaches to prevention and treatment, c1900–presentCase studies: penicillin and the fight against lung cancer
Migrants in Britain, c800–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in migration to Britain, c800–presentThe context for migration, c800–c1500The experience and impact of migrants, c800–c1500Case study: York under the VikingsThe context for migration, c1500–c1700The experience and impact of migrants, c1500–c1700Case studies: Flemish and Walloon migrants, and the HuguenotsThe context for migration, c1700–c1900The experience and impact of migrants, c1700–c1900Case studies: Liverpool, and Jewish migrants in the East EndThe context for migration, c1900–presentThe experience and impact of migrants, c1900–presentCase studies: Bristol, and Asian migrants in Leicester
Notting Hill, c1948–c1970Paper 1 option
Russia and the Soviet Union, 1917–41Modern depth
Topic overviewThe growth of opposition to the tsar in early 1917The February RevolutionThe Provisional GovernmentThe Bolshevik RevolutionEarly consolidation of power, 1917–18The Civil War, 1918–21Moves towards totalitarianism, 1917–24Economic and social change, 1918–24The struggle for power, 1924–28The use of terror in the 1930sPropaganda and censorship, 1924–41The Cult of StalinAgriculture and collectivisation, 1924–41Changes in industry, 1924–41Life in the Soviet UnionThe position of women and ethnic minorities
Spain and the ‘New World’, c1490–c1555Period study
Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941–91Period study
Topic overviewEarly tension between East and WestThe development of the Cold WarThe Cold War intensifiesIncreased tension between East and WestCold War crises, 1958–70Reaction to crisis, 1958–70Attempts to reduce superpower tensions in the 1970sThe end of détente and the ‘Second Cold War’The collapse of Soviet control of Eastern Europe, 1985-91
The American West, c1835–c1895Period study
Topic overviewIndigenous peoples of the Plains: their beliefs and ways of lifeMigration and early settlementConflict and tension, c1835–c1862The development of settlement in the WestRanching and the cattle industryChanges in the ways of life of Indigenous peoples of the PlainsChanges in farming, the cattle industry and settlementConflict and tension, c1876–c1895Indigenous peoples of the Plains: the destruction of their ways of life
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the TrenchesPaper 1 option
Topic overviewThe British sector of the Western Front and the trench systemConditions requiring medical treatment on the Western FrontMedical treatment on the Western FrontExperiments in surgery and medicine on the Western FrontMedicine in the early twentieth centurySources for a Western Front enquiry
The Reigns of King Richard I and King John, 1189–1216British depth
Topic overviewThe feudal system, 1189–1216Kingship and succession, 1189–1216Royal government and financesEnglish society, 1189–1216The nature of crusadingRichard and the Third CrusadeAftermath of the crusadeRichard, John and the loss of NormandyThe dispute with the PapacyWorsening relations with the baronsMagna Carta and the First Barons’ WarEngland in 1216
The USA, 1954–75: Conflict at Home and AbroadModern depth
Topic overviewThe position of Black Americans in the early 1950sDevelopments in education, 1954–60The Montgomery Bus Boycott and its impact, 1955–60Opposition to the civil rights movementDevelopments, 1960–62Peaceful protests and their impact, 1963–65Malcolm X and Black Power, 1963–70The civil rights movement, 1965–75Reasons for US involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, 1954–63Escalation of the conflict under JohnsonThe nature of the conflict in Vietnam, 1964–68Changes under Nixon, 1969–73Opposition to the warSupport for the warThe peace process and end of the warReasons for the failure of the USA in Vietnam
Warfare and British Society, c1250–presentPaper 1 option
Topic overviewFactors driving change in warfare, c1250–presentThe nature of warfare, c1250–c1500The experience of war, c1250–c1500Case studies: the battles of Falkirk and AgincourtThe nature of warfare, c1500–c1700The experience of war, c1500–c1700Case study: the Battle of Naseby, 1645The nature of warfare, c1700–c1900The experience of war, c1700–c1900Case studies: the battles of Waterloo and BalaclavaThe nature of warfare, c1900–presentThe experience of war, c1900–presentCase studies: the Somme and the Iraq War
Weimar and Nazi Germany, 1918–39Modern depth
Topic overviewThe origins of the Republic, 1918–19The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919–23The ‘Golden Years’: recovery of the Republic, 1924–29Changes in society, 1924–29Early development of the Nazi Party, 1920–22The Munich Putsch and the Nazi Party, 1923–28The growth in support for the Nazis, 1929–32How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932–33The creation of a dictatorship, 1933–34The police state, 1933–39Controlling and influencing attitudesOpposition, resistance and conformityNazi policies towards womenNazi policies towards the youngEmployment and living standardsThe persecution of minorities
Whitechapel, c1870–c1900: Crime, Policing and the Inner CityPaper 1 option
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches
- 6 subtopics
- 18 things to know
- Paper 1
- Paper 1, one thematic study with its linked historic environment, of four pairs
What The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches covers
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches is examined in Paper 1, Thematic study and historic environment. It covers the British sector of the Western Front and the trench system, conditions requiring medical treatment on the Western Front, medical treatment on the Western Front, experiments in surgery and medicine on the Western Front, medicine in the early twentieth century and sources for a Western Front enquiry.
Where it is assessed
Paper 1
Thematic study and historic environment, 30% of the GCSE, one option of four.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 6 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- The British sector of the Western Front and the trench systemFlanders and northern France, the Ypres salient, the Somme's first day, Arras and Cambrai, the three trench lines, communication trenches and zigzags, no man's land, Flanders mud, manured soil, the roads, light railways and barges.Open →
- Conditions requiring medical treatment on the Western FrontTrench foot and its prevention, trench fever, shell shock, shrapnel and bullet wounds, why wounds became infected, gas gangrene and tetanus, head wounds and steel helmets, and the chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas attacks.Open →
- Medical treatment on the Western FrontThe RAMC, the FANY, the army's trained nurses and the VADs, stretcher bearers, horse-drawn and motor ambulances, the chain of evacuation from regimental aid post, field ambulance and dressing station to casualty clearing station and base hospital, triage, and the underground hospital at Arras.Open →
- Experiments in surgery and medicine on the Western FrontWound excision, the Carrel–Dakin method, amputation, Gillies's plastic surgery, Cushing's work on head wounds, the Thomas splint and its effect, x-rays and mobile x-ray units and their drawbacks, and Robertson's blood bank at Cambrai in 1917.Open →
- Medicine in the early twentieth centuryPasteur's germ theory of 1861, Lister's carbolic acid of 1865, antiseptic and aseptic surgery, sterilisation by 1900, Röntgen's x-rays of 1895 and their dangers, failed transfusions, Landsteiner's blood groups of 1901, and how the clotting problem was overcome.Open →
- Sources for a Western Front enquiryService and medical records, medical cards, unit war diaries and casualty returns, newspapers and censorship under the Defence of the Realm Act, government reports, medical journals, diaries, letters, memoirs and photographs, hospital records, the limits of army statistics, using national and local sources together, and how to plan a follow-up enquiry from a detail in a source.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
Your recallNot started
Numbers
Who nursed and carried the wounded on the Western Front, and how were casualties first moved?
Key term
How was the British trench system laid out, and what were the roads behind it like?
Numbers
How did germ theory, antiseptic surgery and aseptic methods change operating theatres before 1914?
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Why did head wounds become more common, and what brought them down?
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Why did surgeons amputate so many limbs?
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What does a soldier's army service and medical record tell a historian about his wounding?
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What is shrapnel, and why did it cause such terrible wounds?
Numbers
Which service provided the army's trained nurses, and how did it change during the war?
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Who pioneered plastic surgery for the wounded, and what did he develop?
Numbers
Whose work established that microbes cause disease, and when was it published?
Process
What was attached to a wounded man as he moved back through the treatment stages, and what did it record?
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What is meant by a salient?
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How did a rifle bullet wound differ from a shrapnel wound?
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Who were the VADs?
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What did Harvey Cushing contribute to the treatment of head wounds?
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What did Joseph Lister introduce into the operating theatre in 1865?
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What are unit war diaries, and why are they useful for a Western Front medical enquiry?
Take The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Trench foot vs Trench fever
Trench foot: swelling and numbness from standing in cold waterlogged ground, leading to gangrene. Trench fever: a lice-borne illness bringing high temperature, headache and aching muscles.
Regimental aid post vs Dressing station
Regimental aid post: a dugout near the front line where a medical officer gave first aid. Dressing station: the place run by a field ambulance where wounds were cleaned and urgent operations done.
Casualty clearing station vs Base hospital
Casualty clearing station: a unit several miles back beside a railway, doing surgery and sending men on by train. Base hospital: a place near the coast with x-rays and laboratories from which men were shipped to Britain.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
In which two areas did the British hold their part of the trench lines from 1914?
Model answer
In Flanders in Belgium and in northern France.
- 2
What is meant by a salient?
Model answer
A bulge of land pushed forward into enemy-held ground, which can be attacked from three sides at once.
- 3
Why was the ground the British held around Ypres so dangerous?
Model answer
The Germans held the higher ground curving around it, so they could shell and observe the British from three sides.
- 4
Why did the British keep defending Ypres in spite of the losses?
Model answer
It stood in the way of a German advance on the Channel ports, through which all British men and supplies arrived.
- 5
When did the fighting on the Somme begin, and how costly was its opening day?
Model answer
It began on 1 July 1916, and there were around 57,000 British casualties on that first day, of whom about 19,000 were killed.
- 6
Why did the Somme fighting of 1916 matter so much to the medical services?
Model answer
Wounded men arrived in numbers nobody had planned for, which overwhelmed the evacuation chain and forced it to be reorganised.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches revision questions
- What does The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches cover in Edexcel GCSE History?
- 6 subtopics: the british sector of the western front and the trench system, conditions requiring medical treatment on the western front, medical treatment on the western front, experiments in surgery and medicine on the western front, medicine in the early twentieth century and sources for a western front enquiry. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches organised?
- By the Edexcel 1HI0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in The British Sector of the Western Front, 1914–18: Injuries, Treatment and the Trenches, on a schedule.
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