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Crime and Punishment in Britain, c1000–present

Factors driving change in crime and punishment, c1000–present

  • 3 things to know
  • Paper 1

Overview

The three factors behind change, the Church as a brake and government as a driver, technology and science in detection, turning points such as the Norman Conquest and the London police, continuity in theft, factors combining, witchcraft, printing and heresy, towns and trade, the four purposes of punishment, total war, capital offences, the role of ordinary people and new prisons.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

Which three factors are used to explain change in crime and punishment across the whole period?

Numbers

Give one example of government acting as the driving force behind a change in law enforcement.

Key term

How did new technology help catch criminals in the nineteenth century?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Which three factors are used to explain change in crime and punishment across the whole period?

    Model answer

    Attitudes in society; individuals and institutions such as the Church and government; and science and technology.

  2. 2

    Give one example of the Church acting as a brake on change in the way criminals were dealt with.

    Model answer

    It kept sanctuary and Benefit of Clergy alive, which allowed many accused people to escape the king's courts and the death penalty.

  3. 3

    Give one example of government acting as the driving force behind a change in law enforcement.

    Model answer

    The Home Secretary's law of 1829 created a paid, uniformed police force for London in place of parish constables and watchmen.

  4. 4

    How did new technology help catch criminals in the nineteenth century?

    Model answer

    The electric telegraph and the railways allowed messages and officers to travel faster than a fleeing suspect, and printed descriptions of wanted people were circulated widely.

  5. 5

    How has science changed the identification of suspects since 1900?

    Model answer

    Fingerprint records, and later DNA profiling, allow traces left at a scene to be matched to a named individual.

  6. 6

    What is meant by a turning point in the history of crime and punishment?

    Model answer

    A development after which the direction of change is clearly different from what went before.

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