The developmental area: Chaney et al., Kohlberg and Lee et al.

Overview

Recall questions on the Funhaler and Chaney et al.'s method, findings and learning principle, Kohlberg's sample, levels and stages of moral development, and Lee et al.'s cross-cultural comparison of lying and truth-telling.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   What is the Funhaler and how does it differ from an ordinary spacer?

   Model answer

   It is an asthma inhaler spacer fitted with a spinner and a whistle that are activated by correct breathing, which makes taking the medication enjoyable.

2. 2

   Describe the method Chaney et al. used to test the Funhaler.

   Model answer

   Thirty-two young children with asthma used their existing spacer and then the Funhaler for a period each, and their parents were surveyed about adherence and technique.

3. 3

   What did Chaney et al. find about how often children were medicated?

   Model answer

   Parents reported medicating their child on the previous day in 81% of cases with the Funhaler, compared with 59% using the existing spacer.

4. 4

   Which learning principle explains the Funhaler's effect?

   Model answer

   Positive reinforcement, because the spinning toy and whistle reward the child immediately for taking the correct deep breaths.

5. 5

   Describe the sample and method Kohlberg used to study moral development.

   Model answer

   Seventy-five American boys aged 10 to 16 were interviewed about moral dilemmas and then re-interviewed at intervals over about twelve years, with smaller cross-cultural samples studied for comparison.

6. 6

   Name Kohlberg's three levels of moral development.

   Model answer

   Preconventional, conventional and postconventional morality.

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