Core Studies: Individual Differences Area

What Core Studies: Individual Differences Area covers

Core Studies: Individual Differences Area is examined on component 02 of OCR Psychology, Psychological themes through core studies. 141 recall questions across 13 subtopics.

The 13 subtopics

Each one has its own page.

• Freud (1909) Little Hans: background, method and early historyRecall questions on Freud's aim in the 1909 case of Little Hans, why a child's case mattered, the case study method, the father's data collection, the period of study, Hans's early preoccupation, the threat he was given and the birth of his sister.Open →
• Freud (1909) Little Hans: the horse phobia and fantasiesRecall questions on the incident before Little Hans's phobia, his fear of horses and the features that frightened him, Freud's interpretations, and the giraffe, plumber and final fantasies and their significance.Open →
• Freud (1909) Little Hans: conclusions and evaluationRecall questions on Freud's conclusions about Little Hans's phobia, the phallic stage, defence mechanisms, and the evaluation of the case study method, the father's role, alternative explanations, reliability and falsifiability, ethics and generalisation.Open →
• Baron-Cohen et al. (1997) autism in adults: background, method and sampleRecall questions on theory of mind, why a new adult test was needed, the aim, method and design of Baron-Cohen et al.'s 1997 study, and the autism, typically developing and Tourette syndrome groups.Open →
• Baron-Cohen et al. (1997) autism in adults: the Eyes Task, control tasks and resultsRecall questions on why Baron-Cohen et al. included a Tourette syndrome group, the materials and procedure of the Eyes Task, the gender recognition, basic emotion and Strange Stories control tasks, and the groups' Eyes Task scores.Open →
• Baron-Cohen et al. (1997) autism in adults: further results, conclusions and evaluationRecall questions on Baron-Cohen et al.'s findings on sex differences and IQ, their conclusion about a specific deficit, and the evaluation of the design, ecological validity, forced choice format, vocabulary and applications.Open →
• Understanding disorders: comparing Freud and Baron-Cohen et al.Recall questions on the similarities between Freud and Baron-Cohen et al. in aims, samples, applications, ethics and approach, their differences in method, data, explanations of disorder, objectivity, reliability, comparison and falsifiability, and what the pair adds on disorders and diversity.Open →
• Gould (1982) bias in IQ testing: background and the army testsRecall questions on Yerkes's army mental testing programme, why recruits were tested and how many, the nature of Gould's 1982 article and his argument, the Army Alpha and Beta tests, and cultural bias in test items.Open →
• Gould (1982) bias in IQ testing: Yerkes's conclusions and how the tests were givenRecall questions on why the Army Beta was not culture-free, Yerkes's conclusions about white recruits, immigrants and black recruits, length of residence and test scores, and the failures in how and where the tests were administered.Open →
• Gould (1982) bias in IQ testing: consequences and evaluationRecall questions on evidence against the hereditarian interpretation, the reification of intelligence, the immigration quotas and their consequences, forms of bias, lessons about numbers in psychology, and the strengths, weaknesses and present relevance of Gould's analysis.Open →
• Hancock et al. (2011) language of psychopaths: background and procedureRecall questions on psychopathy and how it was measured, the aim, method, design and sample of Hancock et al.'s 2011 study, exclusions, the interview task, preparing transcripts, the Wmatrix and Dictionary of Affect in Language tools.Open →
• Hancock et al. (2011) language of psychopaths: results, conclusions and evaluationRecall questions on Hancock et al.'s findings on conjunctions, needs, tense, articles, emotional tone and disfluencies, their main conclusion, and the evaluation of the analysis, validity, causation, sample, applications and ethics.Open →
• Measuring differences: comparing Gould and Hancock et al.Recall questions on the similarities between Gould and Hancock et al. in topic, data, quantification, social sensitivity, samples and validity, their differences in research type, data size, measures, objectivity, consent and use, and what the pair adds on measuring differences and cultural diversity.Open →

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Take Core Studies: Individual Differences Area further

The same content, four other ways.

Commonly confused

Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.

• Theory of mind vs Psychopathy

  Theory of mind: the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and to other people. Psychopathy: a personality disorder marked by shallow affect, lack of remorse and antisocial conduct.

• Gould (1982) vs Hancock et al. (2011)

  Gould (1982): the critique of the army intelligence tests and of the conclusions drawn from them. Hancock et al. (2011): the study analysing the language offenders used to narrate their crimes.

• Freud (1909) vs Baron-Cohen et al. (1997)

  Freud (1909): the case study explaining a young boy's horse phobia in psychodynamic terms. Baron-Cohen et al. (1997): the study using photographs of the eye region to compare adults with autism and controls.

Questions from this topic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1. 1

   State Freud's aim.

   Model answer

   To use the case of a young boy's horse phobia as evidence for the theory of infantile sexuality and the Oedipus complex, and to show how such a phobia could be treated.

2. 2

   Why was a child's case so valuable to Freud?

   Model answer

   His account of infantile sexuality had until then rested on adults recalling their childhoods, so observing a young child offered far more direct support.

3. 3

   Which method was used?

   Model answer

   It was a longitudinal case study of a single child, producing mainly qualitative data.

4. 4

   Who collected most of the data, and how?

   Model answer

   Hans's father, who was a supporter of Freud's ideas, wrote down the boy's remarks, dreams and fantasies and sent them to Freud in letters.

5. 5

   Over what period was Hans studied, and how often did Freud meet him?

   Model answer

   He was studied from roughly the age of three to five, and Freud met the boy in person only once.

6. 6

   What early preoccupation did Hans show?

   Model answer

   A strong interest in his 'widdler', both his own and other people's, and in whether animals and objects had one too.

What is inside Levo

Six ways to work the same material.

Core Studies: Individual Differences Area revision questions

What does Core Studies: Individual Differences Area cover in OCR A-Level Psychology?

13 subtopics: freud (1909) little hans: background, method and early history, freud (1909) little hans: the horse phobia and fantasies, freud (1909) little hans: conclusions and evaluation, baron-cohen et al. (1997) autism in adults: background, method and sample, baron-cohen et al. (1997) autism in adults: the eyes task, control tasks and results, baron-cohen et al. (1997) autism in adults: further results, conclusions and evaluation, understanding disorders: comparing freud and baron-cohen et al., gould (1982) bias in iq testing: background and the army tests, gould (1982) bias in iq testing: yerkes's conclusions and how the tests were given, gould (1982) bias in iq testing: consequences and evaluation, hancock et al. (2011) language of psychopaths: background and procedure, hancock et al. (2011) language of psychopaths: results, conclusions and evaluation and measuring differences: comparing gould and hancock et al.. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.

How is Core Studies: Individual Differences Area organised?

By the OCR H567 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.