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Areas and Perspectives in Psychology

The social area: Piliavin et al. and Levine et al.

  • 2 things to know
  • Component 02

Overview

Recall questions on Piliavin et al.'s subway study setting, its findings on ill and drunk victims, the arousal: cost-reward model and diffusion of responsibility, and Levine et al.'s helping measures, most and least helpful cities, economic productivity and simpatía.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Process

Describe the setting and procedure of Piliavin et al.'s Subway Samaritan study.

Who and when

What did Piliavin et al. find about helping a victim who appeared ill compared with one who appeared drunk?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

  1. 1

    Describe the setting and procedure of Piliavin et al.'s Subway Samaritan study.

    Model answer

    A victim collapsed about seventy seconds into a seven-and-a-half minute express run on a New York subway train, and observers recorded whether and how quickly passengers helped.

  2. 2

    What did Piliavin et al. find about helping a victim who appeared ill compared with one who appeared drunk?

    Model answer

    The victim carrying a cane received spontaneous help on 62 of 65 trials, whereas the apparently drunk victim was helped on only 19 of 38 trials.

  3. 3

    Which model of bystander behaviour did Piliavin et al. propose?

    Model answer

    The arousal: cost-reward model, in which witnessing an emergency creates unpleasant arousal that the bystander reduces by choosing whichever response carries the lowest net cost.

  4. 4

    What did Piliavin et al. find about diffusion of responsibility?

    Model answer

    Helping did not decline as the number of passengers rose, so the expected diffusion of responsibility did not appear.

  5. 5

    Name the three helping measures Levine et al. used across 23 cities.

    Model answer

    A dropped pen, a person wearing a leg brace who dropped a pile of magazines, and a blind person waiting to cross at a traffic light.

  6. 6

    Which city did Levine et al. find most helpful and which least helpful?

    Model answer

    Rio de Janeiro in Brazil showed the highest overall rate of helping and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia the lowest.

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