Kamma means intentional action of body, speech or mind. Skilful actions lead to happy results, and unskilful actions lead to suffering.

What is merit (punna), and how is it gained?

Merit is the good kamma produced by skilful actions. Buddhists make merit through generosity, keeping the precepts and meditation.

What does the Nidhikanda Sutta in the Khuddakapatha teach about merit?

The Nidhikanda Sutta compares merit to a buried treasure that cannot be stolen or lost. Merit follows a person even beyond death.

How does the Khuddakapatha teach the sharing of merit with the dead?

The Tirokudda Sutta describes dead relatives waiting outside the walls of their old homes. Relatives who are still alive give gifts to monks and dedicate the merit to the dead.

Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B 1RB0

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Buddhism: Buddhist Beliefs

Buddhist ethics: kamma, merit, the Five Precepts and the Six Perfections

3 things to know
Any of the three papers

Overview

Intention in kamma, Dhammapada 183, merit and the Nidhikanda Sutta, sharing merit with the dead, rebirth, karuna and metta, why the precepts are training rules, and Theravada and Mahayana lists of perfections.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What is kamma?

Key term

Why is intention central to kamma?

Key term

What does Dhammapada 183 teach?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is kamma?
Model answer
Kamma means intentional action of body, speech or mind. Skilful actions lead to happy results, and unskilful actions lead to suffering.
2
Why is intention central to kamma?
Model answer
The Buddha taught that intention itself is kamma. An accidental harm carries far less weight than a deliberate one.
3
What does Dhammapada 183 teach?
Model answer
Dhammapada 183 says the teaching of all Buddhas is to avoid evil, do good and purify the mind. The verse sums up Buddhist ethics.
4
What is merit (punna), and how is it gained?
Model answer
Merit is the good kamma produced by skilful actions. Buddhists make merit through generosity, keeping the precepts and meditation.
5
What does the Nidhikanda Sutta in the Khuddakapatha teach about merit?
Model answer
The Nidhikanda Sutta compares merit to a buried treasure that cannot be stolen or lost. Merit follows a person even beyond death.
6
How does the Khuddakapatha teach the sharing of merit with the dead?
Model answer
The Tirokudda Sutta describes dead relatives waiting outside the walls of their old homes. Relatives who are still alive give gifts to monks and dedicate the merit to the dead.

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