What does Exodus 31:12–17 call Shabbat?

Exodus 31 calls Shabbat a sign between the Almighty and Israel for ever. Shabbat is described as an everlasting covenant for all generations.

What penalty does Exodus 31 give for working on Shabbat, and how do Jews read it today?

Exodus 31 says anyone who works on Shabbat shall be put to death. Jews today read this as showing how seriously Shabbat must be kept, not as a law to enforce.

Why is Shabbat law linked to building the Tabernacle in Exodus 31?

Exodus 31 places the Shabbat command straight after instructions for building the Tabernacle. The rabbis derived the 39 forbidden kinds of work, the melachot, from that construction.

Give three examples of work forbidden on Shabbat by Orthodox Jews.

Orthodox Jews do not cook, write or light a fire on Shabbat.

Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B 1RB0

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Judaism: Living the Jewish Life

Shabbat in the home and the synagogue

3 things to know
Any of the three papers

Overview

The two events it remembers, Exodus 31 on what Shabbat is called, the penalty and the Tabernacle, forbidden work, the Friday evening welcome and two challah loaves, Havdalah, and Orthodox and Reform practice.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

Your recallNot started

Key term

When is Shabbat kept, what does it remember, and what does Exodus 31 call it?

Key term

When does Shabbat begin and end?

Key term

What two events does Shabbat remember?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
When does Shabbat begin and end?
Model answer
Shabbat begins at sunset on Friday and ends at nightfall on Saturday, when three stars appear.
2
What two events does Shabbat remember?
Model answer
Shabbat remembers the Almighty resting on the seventh day of creation. Shabbat also recalls the freeing of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.
3
What does Exodus 31:12–17 call Shabbat?
Model answer
Exodus 31 calls Shabbat a sign between the Almighty and Israel for ever. Shabbat is described as an everlasting covenant for all generations.
4
What penalty does Exodus 31 give for working on Shabbat, and how do Jews read it today?
Model answer
Exodus 31 says anyone who works on Shabbat shall be put to death. Jews today read this as showing how seriously Shabbat must be kept, not as a law to enforce.
5
Why is Shabbat law linked to building the Tabernacle in Exodus 31?
Model answer
Exodus 31 places the Shabbat command straight after instructions for building the Tabernacle. The rabbis derived the 39 forbidden kinds of work, the melachot, from that construction.
6
Give three examples of work forbidden on Shabbat by Orthodox Jews.
Model answer
Orthodox Jews do not cook, write or light a fire on Shabbat.

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