The Mass is the central act of Catholic worship, in which the sacrifice of Jesus is made present. Catholics receive Holy Communion at Mass.

What does Lumen Gentium, the Second Vatican Council's document on the Church, teach about the Eucharist?

Lumen Gentium 11 calls the Eucharist the source and summit of the whole Christian life. Lumen Gentium 7 teaches that sharing the one Eucharistic bread makes believers one Body of Christ.

What is transubstantiation?

Transubstantiation is the change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ. The appearances of bread and wine remain, but their substance changes.

What happens in the Introductory Rites of the Mass?

The priest greets the people and leads the Penitential Act, in which all ask for God's mercy. The Gloria is sung on Sundays outside Advent and Lent.

What happens in the Liturgy of the Word?

Readings from the Old and New Testaments and a psalm are proclaimed, followed by the Gospel. The priest preaches a homily and the people profess the Creed and pray the Prayers of the Faithful.

Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B 1RB0

Catholic Christianity: Catholic BeliefsAny paper

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Catholic Christianity: Living the Catholic LifeAny paper

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Catholic Christianity: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1

Topic overview The importance and purpose of marriage for Catholics Catholic teaching on sexual relationships Catholic teaching on the purpose of the family and family types How the Catholic parish supports families Catholic teaching on contraception and natural family planning Catholic teaching on divorce, annulment and remarriage Catholic teaching on men and women in the family Catholic opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination

Catholic Christianity: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Catholic responses to the origins and value of the universe The sanctity of life in Catholic teaching Catholic responses to evolution and survival of the fittest Catholic teaching on abortion Catholic arguments for life after death Catholic responses to arguments against life after death Catholic teaching on euthanasia and hospice care Catholic responses to the environment and animal rights

Catholic Christianity: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

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Catholic Christianity: Peace and ConflictPaper 2

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Catholic Christianity: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3

Topic overview Catholic understanding of Jesus as the culmination of revelation Visions and Catholic belief in God Miracles and Catholic belief in God Catholic attitudes to religious experience The design argument in Catholic thought The cosmological argument in Catholic thought The problem of suffering for Catholic belief in an all-loving God Catholic responses to the problem of suffering

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Topic overview Catholic teaching on human rights Catholic attitudes towards equality and inequality Catholic attitudes towards religious freedom and a multi-faith society Catholic attitudes to prejudice and discrimination Catholic attitudes towards racial harmony Catholic attitudes towards racial discrimination Catholic attitudes to social justice Catholic attitudes towards wealth and poverty

Christianity: Christian BeliefsAny paper

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Christianity: Living the Christian LifeAny paper

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Christianity: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1

Topic overview The purpose of marriage for Christians Christian teachings on sexual relationships The purpose of the Christian family How the local church supports Christian families Christian attitudes to contraception and family planning Christian attitudes to divorce and remarriage Men and women in the Christian family Christian responses to gender prejudice and discrimination

Christianity: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Christian responses to the Big Bang and the value of the universe The sanctity of life in Christian teaching Christian responses to evolution and the origins of human life Christian attitudes to abortion Christian arguments for life after death Christian responses to non-religious arguments against life after death Christian attitudes to euthanasia and hospice care Christian responses to environmental issues and animal rights

Christianity: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

Topic overview Christian attitudes to justice Christian attitudes to crime and the work of Prison Fellowship and Street Pastors Christian teachings about good actions, evil actions and why people suffer Christian attitudes to punishment and Luke 12:35–48 Christian attitudes to the aims of punishment Christian teachings on forgiveness and restorative justice Christian attitudes to the treatment of criminals Christian attitudes to the death penalty

Christianity: Peace and ConflictPaper 2

Topic overview Christian attitudes to peace and Jesus as a peacemaker Christian peacemaking and the work of Pax Christi Christian attitudes to conflict and its causes Christian pacifism, passive resistance and Martin Luther King Christian attitudes to the Just War theory Christian attitudes to Holy War Christian attitudes to weapons of mass destruction Christian responses to violence, war and terrorism

Christianity: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3

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Christianity: EqualityPaper 3

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Islam: Muslim BeliefsAny paper

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Islam: Living the Muslim LifeAny paper

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Islam: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1

Topic overview The purpose of marriage in Islam Muslim teaching on sexual relationships The purpose of the family in Islam How the ummah supports Muslim families Muslim attitudes to contraception Muslim teaching on divorce and remarriage Men and women in the Muslim family Muslim teaching on gender prejudice and discrimination

Islam: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Muslim teaching on the origins and value of the universe The sanctity of life in Islam Muslim responses to evolution and scientific views of human life Muslim attitudes to abortion Muslim responses to arguments for life after death Muslim responses to arguments against life after death Muslim attitudes to euthanasia Muslim responses to issues in the natural world

Islam: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

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Islam: Peace and ConflictPaper 2

Topic overview Muslim attitudes to peace Muslims and peacemaking Muslim attitudes to conflict Muslim responses to pacifism Just war theory and Islam Holy war and Islam Muslim attitudes to weapons of mass destruction Muslim responses to violence, war and terrorism

Islam: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3

Topic overview Revelation as proof of the existence of Allah Visions and the existence of Allah Miracles and the existence of Allah Muslim attitudes to religious experience The design argument in Islam The cosmological argument and al-Ghazali's kalam Suffering and Allah as compassionate Muslim responses to the problem of suffering

Islam: EqualityPaper 3

Topic overview Muslim teaching on human rights Muslim attitudes to equality Muslim attitudes to religious freedom Muslim attitudes to prejudice and discrimination Muslim teaching on racial harmony Muslim responses to racial discrimination and Malcolm X Muslim attitudes to social justice Muslim attitudes to wealth and poverty

Buddhism: Buddhist BeliefsAny paper

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Buddhism: Living the Buddhist LifeAny paper

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Buddhism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1

Topic overview The purpose of marriage in Buddhism Buddhist teaching on sexual relationships The Buddhist family and its purpose How the Buddhist sangha supports families Buddhist attitudes to contraception Buddhist attitudes to divorce and remarriage Men and women in the Buddhist family Buddhism, gender prejudice and discrimination

Buddhism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Buddhist teaching on the origins and value of the universe The sanctity of life in Buddhism Buddhist responses to evolution and survival of the fittest Buddhist attitudes to abortion Buddhist teaching on death, rebirth and the afterlife Buddhist responses to arguments against life after death Buddhist attitudes to euthanasia and hospice care Buddhist responses to the environment and animal rights

Buddhism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

Topic overview Buddhist attitudes to justice Buddhist attitudes to crime and its causes Buddhist teaching on good, evil and suffering Buddhist attitudes to punishment Buddhism and the aims of punishment Buddhist teaching on forgiveness and restorative justice Buddhist teaching on the treatment of criminals Buddhist attitudes to the death penalty

Buddhism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2

Topic overview Buddhist attitudes to peace Buddhist peacemaking and the Buddhist Peace Fellowship Buddhist attitudes to conflict and its causes Buddhist pacifism and passive resistance Buddhist responses to the Just War theory Buddhist attitudes to war Buddhist attitudes to weapons of mass destruction Engaged Buddhism and Buddhist responses to violence and terrorism

Buddhism: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3

Topic overview Buddhist teaching on the non-existence of a personal God The devas, the Realm of Gods and the Wheel of Life Enlightenment as a Buddhist religious experience Buddhist teaching on miracles Buddhist prayer and the Avalokitesvara mantra Buddhist teaching on visions Buddhist attitudes to religious experience A Buddhist upbringing

Buddhism: EqualityPaper 3

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Hinduism: Hindu BeliefsAny paper

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Topic overview The importance and purpose of Hindu marriage Hindu teachings on sexual relationships The purpose of the Hindu family and types of family How the Hindu community supports families Hindu attitudes to contraception and family planning Hindu attitudes to divorce and remarriage Hindu teachings on men and women in the family Hindu opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination

Hinduism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Hindu responses to the origins and value of the universe Hindu teachings on the sanctity of life Hindu responses to evolution and the origins of human life Hindu attitudes to abortion Hindu teachings and arguments about life after death Hindu responses to non-religious arguments against life after death Hindu attitudes to euthanasia Hindu responses to the natural world and animal rights

Hinduism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

Topic overview Hindu attitudes to justice Hindu attitudes to crime and its causes Hindu teachings on good, evil and suffering Hindu attitudes to punishment: danda and prayascitta Hindu attitudes to the aims of punishment Hindu teachings on forgiveness and restorative justice Hindu teachings on the treatment of criminals Hindu attitudes to the death penalty

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Hinduism: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3

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Hinduism: EqualityPaper 3

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Judaism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1

Topic overview The purpose of marriage in Judaism Jewish teachings on sexual relationships The purpose of the Jewish family How the Jewish community supports families Jewish attitudes to contraception and family planning Jewish teachings on divorce and remarriage Men and women in the Jewish family Judaism and gender prejudice

Judaism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Judaism, science and the origins of the universe The value of life in the Tenakh Jewish responses to evolution Jewish attitudes to abortion Jewish arguments for life after death Jewish responses to arguments against life after death Jewish attitudes to euthanasia Judaism and the environment

Judaism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

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Judaism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2

Topic overview Jewish teachings on peace Jewish peacemaking Jewish attitudes to conflict Judaism, pacifism and passive resistance Milchemet reshut and Just War in Judaism Milchemet mitzvah and Holy War in Judaism Jewish attitudes to weapons of mass destruction Judaism, violence, war and terrorism

Judaism: Religious ExperiencePaper 3

Topic overview Revelation in the Tenakh Visions in Judaism Miracles in Judaism Jewish attitudes to religious experience The design argument and Judaism The cosmological argument and Judaism Suffering and the nature of the Almighty Jewish responses to the problem of suffering

Judaism: EqualityPaper 3

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Sikhism: Sikh BeliefsAny paper

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Sikhism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1

Topic overview The purpose of marriage in Sikhism Sikh teaching on sexual relationships The purpose of the Sikh family How the sangat supports Sikh families Sikh attitudes to contraception Sikh attitudes to divorce and remarriage Men and women in the Sikh family Sikh opposition to gender prejudice

Sikhism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1

Topic overview Sikh responses to the origins and value of the universe Sikh teaching on the sanctity of life Sikh responses to evolution Sikh attitudes to abortion Sikh responses to arguments for life after death Sikh responses to arguments against life after death Sikh attitudes to euthanasia Sikh responses to the natural world and animal rights

Sikhism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2

Topic overview Sikh attitudes to justice Sikh attitudes to crime and the Five Thieves Sikh teaching on good, evil and suffering Sikh attitudes to punishment Sikh views on the aims of punishment Sikh teaching on forgiveness Sikh teaching on the treatment of criminals Sikh attitudes to the death penalty

Sikhism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2

Topic overview Sikh teaching on peace Sikhs and peacemaking Sikh attitudes to conflict Sikh attitudes to pacifism and passive resistance Dharam Yudh: the Sikh Just War The saint-soldier and Sikh views on holy war Sikh attitudes to weapons of mass destruction Sikh responses to violence, war and terrorism

Sikhism: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3

Topic overview Gurbani and Guru Nanak's revelation at the river Visions and mystical experiences in Sikhism Numinous experience, vismaad and enlightenment in Sikhism Miracles and Sikh belief Sikh attitudes to religious experience The design argument and Sikh belief The cosmological argument and Sikh belief A Sikh upbringing and belief in God

Sikhism: EqualityPaper 3

Topic overview Sikh teaching on human rights Sikh attitudes to equality and solutions to inequality Sikh attitudes to religious freedom and a multi-faith society Sikh attitudes to prejudice and discrimination against religions Sikh teaching on racial harmony and Begampura Sikh responses to racial discrimination Sikh attitudes to social justice and Deg Tegh Fateh Sikh attitudes to wealth and poverty

Catholic Christianity: Living the Catholic Life

The Mass as the source and summit of Christian life

3 things to know
Any of the three papers

Overview

Source and summit, Lumen Gentium, transubstantiation, the Introductory Rites and the Liturgies of the Word and Eucharist, the Sunday obligation, and evangelical and Protestant views of worship and Holy Communion.

What you need to know

Answer each one before you reveal it.

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Key term

What happens in the Liturgy of the Eucharist?

Key term

What is the Mass?

Key term

What does it mean to call the Eucharist the “source and summit” of Christian life?

Questions from this subtopic

Each one with the model answer underneath.

1
What is the Mass?
Model answer
The Mass is the central act of Catholic worship, in which the sacrifice of Jesus is made present. Catholics receive Holy Communion at Mass.
2
What does it mean to call the Eucharist the “source and summit” of Christian life?
Model answer
The Eucharist is the source because the whole Christian life flows from it. The Eucharist is the summit because all Christian life leads towards it.
3
What does Lumen Gentium, the Second Vatican Council's document on the Church, teach about the Eucharist?
Model answer
Lumen Gentium 11 calls the Eucharist the source and summit of the whole Christian life. Lumen Gentium 7 teaches that sharing the one Eucharistic bread makes believers one Body of Christ.
4
What is transubstantiation?
Model answer
Transubstantiation is the change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ. The appearances of bread and wine remain, but their substance changes.
5
What happens in the Introductory Rites of the Mass?
Model answer
The priest greets the people and leads the Penitential Act, in which all ask for God's mercy. The Gloria is sung on Sundays outside Advent and Lent.
6
What happens in the Liturgy of the Word?
Model answer
Readings from the Old and New Testaments and a psalm are proclaimed, followed by the Gospel. The priest preaches a homily and the people profess the Creed and pray the Prayers of the Faithful.

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