Key term
Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B 1RB0
Catholic Christianity: Catholic BeliefsAny paper
Topic overviewThe Trinity in the Nicene Creed and Catholic worshipThe Trinity in the Bible and the early Church councilsThe Creation account and the nature of GodCatholic beliefs about humanity, dominion and stewardshipThe Incarnation of the Word in Catholic beliefThe Paschal Mystery: the life, death, resurrection and ascension of JesusCatholic beliefs about salvation and graceCatholic eschatology: resurrection, judgement, heaven, hell and purgatory
Catholic Christianity: Living the Catholic LifeAny paper
Topic overviewThe seven sacraments and the sacramental nature of realityThe Mass as the source and summit of Christian lifeThe Catholic funeral riteCatholic prayer and the Lord's PrayerPopular piety: the Rosary, Eucharistic adoration and the Stations of the CrossCatholic pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Lourdes, Rome and WalsinghamCatholic Social Teaching and the work of CAFODCatholic mission and evangelism
Catholic Christianity: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Topic overviewThe importance and purpose of marriage for CatholicsCatholic teaching on sexual relationshipsCatholic teaching on the purpose of the family and family typesHow the Catholic parish supports familiesCatholic teaching on contraception and natural family planningCatholic teaching on divorce, annulment and remarriageCatholic teaching on men and women in the familyCatholic opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination
Catholic Christianity: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Topic overviewCatholic responses to the origins and value of the universeThe sanctity of life in Catholic teachingCatholic responses to evolution and survival of the fittestCatholic teaching on abortionCatholic arguments for life after deathCatholic responses to arguments against life after deathCatholic teaching on euthanasia and hospice careCatholic responses to the environment and animal rights
Catholic Christianity: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Topic overviewCatholic attitudes towards justiceCatholic attitudes towards crime and the work of Prison FellowshipCatholic teachings about good, evil and sufferingCatholic attitudes towards punishmentCatholic attitudes towards the aims of punishmentCatholic teachings about forgiveness and mercyCatholic teachings about the treatment of criminals and tortureCatholic attitudes towards the death penalty
Catholic Christianity: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Topic overviewCatholic attitudes towards peace and Jesus as the Prince of PeaceCatholic peacemaking and the work of Pax ChristiCatholic attitudes to the causes and problems of conflictCatholic attitudes to pacifism and passive resistanceCatholic teaching on the Just War theoryCatholic attitudes to Holy WarCatholic attitudes to weapons of mass destructionCatholic responses to violence, war and terrorism
Catholic Christianity: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3
Topic overviewCatholic understanding of Jesus as the culmination of revelationVisions and Catholic belief in GodMiracles and Catholic belief in GodCatholic attitudes to religious experienceThe design argument in Catholic thoughtThe cosmological argument in Catholic thoughtThe problem of suffering for Catholic belief in an all-loving GodCatholic responses to the problem of suffering
Catholic Christianity: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewCatholic teaching on human rightsCatholic attitudes towards equality and inequalityCatholic attitudes towards religious freedom and a multi-faith societyCatholic attitudes to prejudice and discriminationCatholic attitudes towards racial harmonyCatholic attitudes towards racial discriminationCatholic attitudes to social justiceCatholic attitudes towards wealth and poverty
Christianity: Christian BeliefsAny paper
Topic overviewThe Trinity in Christian beliefChristian beliefs about creationThe Incarnation of JesusThe last days of Jesus' lifeSalvation and atonement in ChristianityChristian eschatology: judgement, heaven, hell and purgatoryThe problem of evil and suffering for ChristiansChristian responses to the problem of evil and suffering
Christianity: Living the Christian LifeAny paper
Topic overviewLiturgical and non-liturgical Christian worshipBaptism, the Eucharist and the Christian sacramentsTypes of Christian prayer and the Lord's PrayerChristian pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Iona, Taize and WalsinghamAdvent, Christmas, Holy Week and EasterChristian mission, evangelism and Church growthThe local church in the communityThe worldwide Church, reconciliation and Christian Aid
Christianity: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Topic overviewThe purpose of marriage for ChristiansChristian teachings on sexual relationshipsThe purpose of the Christian familyHow the local church supports Christian familiesChristian attitudes to contraception and family planningChristian attitudes to divorce and remarriageMen and women in the Christian familyChristian responses to gender prejudice and discrimination
Christianity: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Topic overviewChristian responses to the Big Bang and the value of the universeThe sanctity of life in Christian teachingChristian responses to evolution and the origins of human lifeChristian attitudes to abortionChristian arguments for life after deathChristian responses to non-religious arguments against life after deathChristian attitudes to euthanasia and hospice careChristian responses to environmental issues and animal rights
Christianity: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Topic overviewChristian attitudes to justiceChristian attitudes to crime and the work of Prison Fellowship and Street PastorsChristian teachings about good actions, evil actions and why people sufferChristian attitudes to punishment and Luke 12:35–48Christian attitudes to the aims of punishmentChristian teachings on forgiveness and restorative justiceChristian attitudes to the treatment of criminalsChristian attitudes to the death penalty
Christianity: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Topic overviewChristian attitudes to peace and Jesus as a peacemakerChristian peacemaking and the work of Pax ChristiChristian attitudes to conflict and its causesChristian pacifism, passive resistance and Martin Luther KingChristian attitudes to the Just War theoryChristian attitudes to Holy WarChristian attitudes to weapons of mass destructionChristian responses to violence, war and terrorism
Christianity: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3
Topic overviewRevelation as evidence for God in ChristianityVisions as evidence for God in ChristianityMiracles as evidence for God in ChristianityReligious experience and the burning bushAnswered prayer as evidence for GodThe design argument and Christian beliefThe cosmological argument and Aquinas's First Three WaysReligious upbringing and belief in God
Christianity: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewChristian teaching on human rightsChristian attitudes to equalityChristian attitudes to religious freedomChristian attitudes to prejudice and discriminationChristian attitudes to racial harmony and the work of Desmond TutuChristian attitudes to racial discriminationChristian attitudes to social justiceChristian attitudes to wealth and poverty
Islam: Muslim BeliefsAny paper
Islam: Living the Muslim LifeAny paper
Islam: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Topic overviewThe purpose of marriage in IslamMuslim teaching on sexual relationshipsThe purpose of the family in IslamHow the ummah supports Muslim familiesMuslim attitudes to contraceptionMuslim teaching on divorce and remarriageMen and women in the Muslim familyMuslim teaching on gender prejudice and discrimination
Islam: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Topic overviewMuslim teaching on the origins and value of the universeThe sanctity of life in IslamMuslim responses to evolution and scientific views of human lifeMuslim attitudes to abortionMuslim responses to arguments for life after deathMuslim responses to arguments against life after deathMuslim attitudes to euthanasiaMuslim responses to issues in the natural world
Islam: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Islam: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Islam: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3
Topic overviewRevelation as proof of the existence of AllahVisions and the existence of AllahMiracles and the existence of AllahMuslim attitudes to religious experienceThe design argument in IslamThe cosmological argument and al-Ghazali's kalamSuffering and Allah as compassionateMuslim responses to the problem of suffering
Islam: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewMuslim teaching on human rightsMuslim attitudes to equalityMuslim attitudes to religious freedomMuslim attitudes to prejudice and discriminationMuslim teaching on racial harmonyMuslim responses to racial discrimination and Malcolm XMuslim attitudes to social justiceMuslim attitudes to wealth and poverty
Buddhism: Buddhist BeliefsAny paper
Topic overviewThe life of the BuddhaDhamma, dependent origination and the Three Marks of ExistenceThe First Noble Truth: dukkhaThe Second Noble Truth: samudaya and the Three PoisonsThe Third Noble Truth: nirodha, samsara and nibbanaThe Fourth Noble Truth: the Eightfold Path and the Threefold WayThe Five Khandas, Buddha-nature and the Arahant and Bodhisattva idealsBuddhist ethics: kamma, merit, the Five Precepts and the Six Perfections
Buddhism: Living the Buddhist LifeAny paper
Topic overviewBuddhist meditation: samatha, metta bhavana, vipassana and zazenBuddhist chantingMantra recitation, mala beads and offeringsBuddhist places of worship: temples, viharas and gompasBuddharupas and other objects of devotionBuddhist puja in the vihara and the homeBuddhist death and mourning ritualsBuddhist festivals and retreats
Buddhism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Topic overviewThe purpose of marriage in BuddhismBuddhist teaching on sexual relationshipsThe Buddhist family and its purposeHow the Buddhist sangha supports familiesBuddhist attitudes to contraceptionBuddhist attitudes to divorce and remarriageMen and women in the Buddhist familyBuddhism, gender prejudice and discrimination
Buddhism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Topic overviewBuddhist teaching on the origins and value of the universeThe sanctity of life in BuddhismBuddhist responses to evolution and survival of the fittestBuddhist attitudes to abortionBuddhist teaching on death, rebirth and the afterlifeBuddhist responses to arguments against life after deathBuddhist attitudes to euthanasia and hospice careBuddhist responses to the environment and animal rights
Buddhism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Topic overviewBuddhist attitudes to justiceBuddhist attitudes to crime and its causesBuddhist teaching on good, evil and sufferingBuddhist attitudes to punishmentBuddhism and the aims of punishmentBuddhist teaching on forgiveness and restorative justiceBuddhist teaching on the treatment of criminalsBuddhist attitudes to the death penalty
Buddhism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Topic overviewBuddhist attitudes to peaceBuddhist peacemaking and the Buddhist Peace FellowshipBuddhist attitudes to conflict and its causesBuddhist pacifism and passive resistanceBuddhist responses to the Just War theoryBuddhist attitudes to warBuddhist attitudes to weapons of mass destructionEngaged Buddhism and Buddhist responses to violence and terrorism
Buddhism: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3
Topic overviewBuddhist teaching on the non-existence of a personal GodThe devas, the Realm of Gods and the Wheel of LifeEnlightenment as a Buddhist religious experienceBuddhist teaching on miraclesBuddhist prayer and the Avalokitesvara mantraBuddhist teaching on visionsBuddhist attitudes to religious experienceA Buddhist upbringing
Buddhism: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewBuddhist teaching on human rightsBuddhist attitudes to equality and the Lotus SutraBuddhist attitudes to religious freedomBuddhist attitudes to prejudice and discriminationBuddhist teaching on racial harmonyBuddhist attitudes to racial discrimination and the Dalai LamaBuddhist attitudes to social justiceBuddhist attitudes to wealth and poverty
Hinduism: Hindu BeliefsAny paper
Topic overviewThe nature of Brahman in HinduismNirguna Brahman, Saguna Brahman and VaikunthaBrahman, Antaryami and Bhagavan: three aspects of the divineHindu deities: avatars, murti, Vishnu, Shiva and ShaktiAtman, karma, samsara and mokshaThe Purusharthas, sanatana dharma and varnashrama dharmaHindu responses to suffering, knowledge and ignoranceHindu cosmology: yugas, prakriti, tri-guna and maya
Hinduism: Living the Hindu LifeAny paper
Topic overviewHindu yoga: karma, jnana, raja and bhaktiHindu focuses of worship and representations of the divineHindu places of worship: temple, home and heartHindu forms of worship in the temple and homeHindu sacred festivalsHindu pilgrimage: the Ganges, Varanasi and VrindavanaHindu environmental projects and cow protectionHindu charity, dana and seva
Hinduism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Topic overviewThe importance and purpose of Hindu marriageHindu teachings on sexual relationshipsThe purpose of the Hindu family and types of familyHow the Hindu community supports familiesHindu attitudes to contraception and family planningHindu attitudes to divorce and remarriageHindu teachings on men and women in the familyHindu opposition to gender prejudice and discrimination
Hinduism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Topic overviewHindu responses to the origins and value of the universeHindu teachings on the sanctity of lifeHindu responses to evolution and the origins of human lifeHindu attitudes to abortionHindu teachings and arguments about life after deathHindu responses to non-religious arguments against life after deathHindu attitudes to euthanasiaHindu responses to the natural world and animal rights
Hinduism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Topic overviewHindu attitudes to justiceHindu attitudes to crime and its causesHindu teachings on good, evil and sufferingHindu attitudes to punishment: danda and prayascittaHindu attitudes to the aims of punishmentHindu teachings on forgiveness and restorative justiceHindu teachings on the treatment of criminalsHindu attitudes to the death penalty
Hinduism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Topic overviewHindu attitudes to peaceHindus as peacemakers: ahimsa and Mahatma GandhiHindu attitudes to conflict in societyHindu attitudes to pacifism and satyagrahaHindu attitudes to the Just War theoryHindu attitudes to holy war and dharma yuddhaHindu attitudes to weapons of mass destructionHindu responses to violence, war and terrorism
Hinduism: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3
Topic overviewRevelation in Hindu scriptureHindu attitudes to visionsHindu attitudes to numinous experiencesHindu attitudes to miraclesHindu teaching about prayer and the Gayatri MantraHindu teachings on the non-existence of a personal GodHindu attitudes to religious experience as evidence for GodHindu attitudes to religious upbringing
Hinduism: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewHindu teaching on human rightsHindu attitudes to equality and casteHindu attitudes to religious freedom and a multi-faith societyHindu attitudes to prejudice and discriminationHindu attitudes to racial harmonyHindu attitudes to racial discriminationHindu attitudes to social justiceHindu attitudes to wealth and poverty
Judaism: Jewish BeliefsAny paper
Judaism: Living the Jewish LifeAny paper
Topic overviewJewish public worship and synagogue servicesThe Tenakh, the Talmud and kashrutJewish prayer three times a day and in the homeThe Shema, the Amidah and the mezuzahJewish rituals of birth, coming of age, marriage and mourningShabbat in the home and the synagogueRosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Pesach, Shavuot and SukkotThe design and objects of the synagogue
Judaism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Topic overviewThe purpose of marriage in JudaismJewish teachings on sexual relationshipsThe purpose of the Jewish familyHow the Jewish community supports familiesJewish attitudes to contraception and family planningJewish teachings on divorce and remarriageMen and women in the Jewish familyJudaism and gender prejudice
Judaism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Judaism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Topic overviewJewish attitudes to justiceJewish attitudes to crime and its causesJewish teachings on good, evil and sufferingJewish teachings on punishmentThe aims of punishment in JudaismJewish teachings on forgiveness and restorative justiceJewish teachings on the treatment of criminalsJewish attitudes to the death penalty
Judaism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Judaism: Religious ExperiencePaper 3
Judaism: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewJewish teaching on human rightsJewish attitudes to equality and ahavat ha-beriotReligious freedom and the story of EstherJewish attitudes to prejudice and antisemitismJewish work for racial harmonyJewish attitudes to racial discriminationJewish attitudes to social justiceJewish teaching on wealth and poverty
Sikhism: Sikh BeliefsAny paper
Sikhism: Living the Sikh LifeAny paper
Sikhism: Marriage and the FamilyPaper 1
Sikhism: Matters of Life and DeathPaper 1
Topic overviewSikh responses to the origins and value of the universeSikh teaching on the sanctity of lifeSikh responses to evolutionSikh attitudes to abortionSikh responses to arguments for life after deathSikh responses to arguments against life after deathSikh attitudes to euthanasiaSikh responses to the natural world and animal rights
Sikhism: Crime and PunishmentPaper 2
Sikhism: Peace and ConflictPaper 2
Sikhism: Philosophy of ReligionPaper 3
Topic overviewGurbani and Guru Nanak's revelation at the riverVisions and mystical experiences in SikhismNuminous experience, vismaad and enlightenment in SikhismMiracles and Sikh beliefSikh attitudes to religious experienceThe design argument and Sikh beliefThe cosmological argument and Sikh beliefA Sikh upbringing and belief in God
Sikhism: EqualityPaper 3
Topic overviewSikh teaching on human rightsSikh attitudes to equality and solutions to inequalitySikh attitudes to religious freedom and a multi-faith societySikh attitudes to prejudice and discrimination against religionsSikh teaching on racial harmony and BegampuraSikh responses to racial discriminationSikh attitudes to social justice and Deg Tegh FatehSikh attitudes to wealth and poverty
Judaism: Crime and Punishment
- 8 subtopics
- 24 things to know
- Paper 2
- Paper 2, Religion, Peace and Conflict, for the religion studied in this area. Two of the three areas are taken, each through a different religion
What Judaism: Crime and Punishment covers
Judaism: Crime and Punishment is examined in Paper 2, Area of Study 2: Religion, Peace and Conflict, if Judaism is the religion studied for that area. It covers Jewish attitudes to justice, Jewish attitudes to crime and its causes, Jewish teachings on good, evil and suffering, Jewish teachings on punishment, the aims of punishment in Judaism, Jewish teachings on forgiveness and restorative justice, Jewish teachings on the treatment of criminals and Jewish attitudes to the death penalty.
Where it is assessed
Paper 2
Area of Study 2, Religion, Peace and Conflict, if this is the religion studied for that area.
Check the Pearson Edexcel specification ↗The 8 subtopics
Each one has its own page.
- Jewish attitudes to justiceTzedek, Deuteronomy 16:18–20 on judges and 19:19–21 on false witnesses, equal justice for rich and poor, the five payments for injury, the Beth Din today, and Humanist views.Open →
- Jewish attitudes to crime and its causesObeying the law of the land, the yetzer ha-ra, Deuteronomy 11:26–28 and the choice set before the people, the Torah on theft, Jewish Care, and the part synagogues and children's education play in preventing crime.Open →
- Jewish teachings on good, evil and sufferingMoses asking to see God's glory in Exodus 33, how evil is punished, why God permits evil choices, the Deuteronomic view, the Book of Job, free will and hester panim, and Humanist and atheist accounts.Open →
- Jewish teachings on punishmentLeviticus 24:19–23 and the rabbis' reading of an eye for an eye, one law for all, punishment fitting the crime, limits on flogging, Cain in Genesis 4, and Orthodox and Reform views today.Open →
- The aims of punishment in JudaismRetribution, deterrence, reform, protection and reparation in Jewish law, Genesis 9:1–6 on bloodshed and its reading today, the Noahide laws, Orthodox and Reform emphases, and reform as justice.Open →
- Jewish teachings on forgiveness and restorative justicePsalm 130 and Isaiah 55:6–8 on God's forgiveness, teshuvah and Maimonides' test of whether it is complete, how often to ask a victim, community forgiveness, restorative justice, and Wiesenthal's The Sunflower.Open →
- Jewish teachings on the treatment of criminalsThe dignity of criminals, Deuteronomy 19:15 on conviction, the cities of refuge, why a confession is not evidence, torture and Israel's 1999 Supreme Court ruling, ancient courts, trial by jury, and prison chaplains.Open →
- Jewish attitudes to the death penaltyExodus 21:12 and 21:23–25 and their rabbinic reading, Mishnah Makkot 1:10 with Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Tarfon, the strict conditions for a death sentence, Israel's law, and Orthodox, Reform and Humanist views.Open →
What you need to know
Answer each one before you reveal it.
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What happens when Moses asks to see God's glory in Exodus 33?
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What does tzedek mean, and what does Deuteronomy 16:20 command?
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Why must Jews obey the law of the country they live in?
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What does punishment mean in Jewish teaching?
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What is retribution, and how does Judaism view it?
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What does Psalm 130:3–4 teach about forgiveness?
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How does Jewish law protect the dignity of criminals?
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What is capital punishment, and what purposes is it said to serve?
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What is the yetzer ha-ra?
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What does Judaism teach about good actions?
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What does Leviticus 24:19–20 teach about injuries?
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What is deterrence, and where does the Torah support it?
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What does Psalm 130 say about waiting for God?
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What does Deuteronomy 19:15 require before someone is convicted?
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What does Exodus 21:12 teach about murder?
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What does tzedek mean in Judaism?
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What causes of crime do Jews recognise?
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What happens in Exodus 33 when Moses asks to see God's glory?
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How did the rabbis interpret “eye for eye” in Leviticus 24?
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What is reformation, and why is it important in Judaism?
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What does Isaiah 55:6–7 teach about forgiveness?
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What were the cities of refuge in Deuteronomy 19?
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What does Exodus 21:23–25 say, and how did the rabbis apply it?
Take Judaism: Crime and Punishment further
The same content, four other ways.
Commonly confused
Pairs that lose marks when they are blurred together.
Yetzer ha-ra vs Yetzer ha-tov
Yetzer ha-ra: the human inclination to do evil. Yetzer ha-tov: the human inclination to do good.
Teshuvah vs Restorative justice
Teshuvah: repentance, turning back to God and away from sin. Restorative justice: bringing offenders and victims together to repair harm.
Reparation vs Retribution
Reparation: the offender making up for harm, often by paying compensation. Retribution: an offender suffering a fitting penalty for what was done.
Questions from this topic
Each one with the model answer underneath.
- 1
What does tzedek mean in Judaism?
Model answer
Tzedek means justice or righteousness. Jews believe justice reflects the character of the Almighty, who is fair to all.
- 2
What does Deuteronomy 16:20 command about justice?
Model answer
Deuteronomy 16:20 commands, “Justice, justice you shall pursue”. The rabbis said the repeated word shows justice must be pursued by just means.
- 3
What does Deuteronomy 16:18–19 teach about judges?
Model answer
Judges must be appointed in every town and must judge fairly. Judges must never take bribes, which blind the eyes of the wise.
- 4
What does Deuteronomy 19:19–21 teach about false witnesses?
Model answer
A false witness must receive the punishment he intended for the accused. The passage ends with the principle of “eye for eye, tooth for tooth”.
- 5
Why does Deuteronomy 19:19–21 say the false witness must be punished?
Model answer
The punishment purges evil from among the people. Justice is restored when the deceiver bears the harm he planned for another.
- 6
Why is justice important for Jews?
Model answer
Justice keeps society fair and protects the weak from the powerful. Jews are commanded to imitate God, who is just.
What is inside Levo
Six ways to work the same material.
Judaism: Crime and Punishment revision questions
- What does Judaism: Crime and Punishment cover in Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies B?
- 8 subtopics: jewish attitudes to justice, jewish attitudes to crime and its causes, jewish teachings on good, evil and suffering, jewish teachings on punishment, the aims of punishment in judaism, jewish teachings on forgiveness and restorative justice, jewish teachings on the treatment of criminals and jewish attitudes to the death penalty. Each one has its own page with questions and model answers.
- How is Judaism: Crime and Punishment organised?
- By the Edexcel 1RB0 specification, subtopic by subtopic, so it matches the order you are taught it in.
Every question in Judaism: Crime and Punishment, on a schedule.
Attempt a question from memory, write the correct version, then attempt it again. Levo records the jump between your first attempt and your last, and brings each question back on the day you are due to forget it.
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